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HandWiki. Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale. Encyclopedia. Available online: https://encyclopedia.pub/entry/30614 (accessed on 03 October 2026).
HandWiki. Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale. Encyclopedia. Available at: https://encyclopedia.pub/entry/30614. Accessed October 03, 2026.
HandWiki. "Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale" Encyclopedia, https://encyclopedia.pub/entry/30614 (accessed October 03, 2026).
HandWiki. (2022, October 21). Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale. In Encyclopedia. https://encyclopedia.pub/entry/30614
HandWiki. "Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale." Encyclopedia. Web. 21 October, 2022.
Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale
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The Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC) was developed by Kathryn M. Connor and Jonathan R.T. Davidson as a means of assessing resilience. The CD-RISC is based on Connor and Davidson's operational definition of resilience, which is the ability to "thrive in the face of adversity." Since its development in 2003, the CD-RISC has been tested in a several contexts with a variety of populations (see Generalizability) and has been modified into different versions (see Forms).

generalizability resilience operational definition

References

  1. Connor, K.M., & Davidson, J.R.T. (2003). Development of a new resilience scale: The Connor-Davidson resilience scale (CD-RISC). Depression and Anxiety, 18(2), 76-82. doi: 10.1002/da.10113
  2. Kobasa, S.C. (1979). Stressful life events, personality, and health: An inquiry into hardiness. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 37(1), 1-11. PMID 458548 //www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/458548
  3. Rutter, M. (1985). Resilience in the face of adversity: Protective factors and resistance to psychiatric disorders. The British Journal of Psychiatry, 147, 598-611. PMID 3830321 //www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3830321
  4. Ni, M.Y., Li, T.K., Yu, N.X., Pang, H., Chan, B.H.Y., Leung, G.M., & Stewart, S.M. (2016). Normative data and psychometric properties of the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC) and the abbreviated version (CD-RISC2) among the general population in Hong Kong. Quality of Life Research, 25(1), 111-116. doi: 10.1007/s11136-015-1072-x
  5. Bezdjian, S., Schneider, K.G., & Burchett, D. (2017). Resilience in the United States Air Force: Psychometric properties of the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC). Journal of Psychological Assessment, 29(5), 479-485. doi: 10.1037/pas0000370
  6. Campbell-Sills, L., Forde, D.R., & Stein, M.B. (2009). Demographic and childhood environmental predictors of resilience in a community sample. Journal of Psychiatric Research, 43 (12), 1007-1012. doi: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2009.01.013
  7. Green, K.T., Calhoun, P.S., Dennis, M.F., Mid-Atlantic Mental Illness Research, Education and Clinical Center Workgroup, & Beckham, J.C. (2010). Exploration of the resilience construct in posttraumatic stress disorder severity and functional correlates in military combat veterans who have served since September 11, 2001. Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, 71(7), 823-830. doi: 10.4088/JCP.09m05780blu
  8. Pietrzak, R.H., Johnson, D.C., Goldstein, M.B., Malley, J.C., Rivers, A.J., Morgan, C.A., & Southwick, S.M. (2010). Psychosocial buffers of traumatic stress, depressive symptoms, and psychosocial difficulties in veterans of Operations Enduring Freedom and Iraqi Freedom: The role of resilience, unit support, and postdeployment social support. Journal of Affective Disorders, 120(1-3), 188-192. doi: 10.1016/j.jad.2009.04.015
  9. Pietrzak, R. H., Johnson, D. C., Goldstein, M. B., Malley, J. C., & Southwick, S. M. (2009). Psychological resilience and postdeployment social support protect against traumatic stress and depressive symptoms in soldiers returning from Operations Enduring Freedom and Iraqi Freedom. Depression and Anxiety, 26, 745–751. doi: 10.1002/da.20558
  10. Vaishnavi, S., Connor, K., & Davidson, J.R.T. (2007). An abbreviated version of the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC), the CD-RISC2: Psychometric properties and applications in psychopharmacological trials. Psychiatry Research, 152:2-3, 293-297. doi: 10.1016/j.psychres.2007.01.006
  11. Campbell-Sills, L., & Stein, M.B. (2007). Psychometric analysis and refinement of the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC): Validation of a 10-item measure of resilience. Journal of Traumatic Stress, 20(6), 1019-1028. doi: 10.1002/jts.20271
  12. Jung, Y.E., Min, J.A., Shin, A.Y., Han, S.Y., Lee, K.U., Kim, T.S., … Chae, J.H. (2012). The Korean version of the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale: An extended validation. Stress and Health, 28:4, 319-326. doi: 10.1002/smi.1436
  13. Sarubin, N., Gutt, D., Giegling, I., Buhner, M., Hilbert, S., Krahenmann, O., … Padberg, F. (2015). First analysis of the 10- and 25-item German version of the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC) regarding psychometric properties and components. Zeitschrift Fur Gesundheitpsychologie, 23:3, 112-122. doi: 10.1026/0943-8149/a000142
  14. Notario-Pacheco, B., Solera-Martinez, M., Serrano-Parra, M.D., Bartolome-Gutierrez, R., Garcia-Campayo, J., & Martinez-Vizcaino, V. (2011). Reliability and validity of the Spanish version of the 10-item Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (10-item CD-RISC) in young adults. Health and Quality of Life Outcomes, 9, 63. doi: 10.1186/1477-7525-9-63
  15. Crespo, M., Fernandez-Lansac, V., & Soberon, C. (2014). Spanish version of the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC) for chronic stress situations. Behavioral Psychology-Psicologia Conductual, 22:2, 219-238. ISSN 1132-9483
  16. Fernandez, A.A., Fehon, D.C., Treloar, H.T., Ng, R., & Sledge, W.H. (2015). Resilience in organ transplantation: An application of the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC) with liver transplant candidates. Journal of Personality Assessment, 97(5), 487-403. doi: 10.1080/00223891.2015.1029620
  17. Markovitz, S.E., Schrooten, W., Arntz, A., & Peters, M.L. (2015). Resilience as a predictor for emotional response to the diagnosis and surgery in breast cancer patients. Psycho-Oncology, 24, 1639-1645. doi: 10.1002/pon.3834
  18. Keane, T.M., Fairbank, J.A., Caddell, J.M., Zimering, R.T., Taylor, K.L, & Mora, C.A. (1989). Clinical evaluation of a measure to assess combat exposure. Psychological Assessment: A Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 1(1), 53-55. doi: 10.1037/1040-3590.1.1.53
  19. Green, K.T., Hayward, L.C., Williams, A.M., Dennis, P.A., Bryan, B.C., Taber, K.H., … Calhoun, P.S. (2014) Examining the factor structure of the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC) in a post-9/11 US military veteran sample. Assessment, 21:4, 443-451. doi: 10.1177/1073191114524014
  20. Baek, H.-S., Lee, K.-U., Joo, E.-J., Lee, M.-Y., & Choi, K.-S. (2010). Reliability and validity of the Korean Version of the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale. Psychiatry Investigation, 7, 109-115. doi:10.4306/pi.2010.7.2.109
  21. Catalano, R., Hawkins, J., & Toumbourou, J. (2008). Positive youth development in the United States: History, efficacy and links to moral and character education. I. In L. Nucci & D. Narvaez (Eds.), Handbook of moral and character education (pp. 459-483). New York, NY: Routledge.
  22. Gillespie, B., Chaboyer, W., Wallis, M., & Grimbeek, P. (2007). Resilience in the operating room: developing and testing of a resilience model. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 59, 427-438. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2648.2007.04340.x
  23. Ito, M., Nakajima, S., Shirai, A., & Kim, Y. (2009, November). Cross-cultural validity of the Connor-Davidson Scale: Data from Japanese population. Poster presented at the 25th annual meeting of the International Society of Traumatic Stress Studies, Atlanta, GA
  24. Yu, X., Lau, J. F., Mak, W., Zhang, J., Lui, W., & Zhang, J. (2011). Factor structure and psychometric properties of the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale among Chinese adolescents. Comprehensive Psychiatry, 52, 218-224. doi:10.1016/j.comppsych.2010.05.010
  25. Bitsika, V., Sharpley, C., & Peters, K. (2010). How is resilience associated with anxiety and depression? Analysis of factor score interactions within a homogeneous sample. German Journal of Psychiatry, 13, 9-16.
  26. Khoshoeui, M. (2009). Psychometric evaluation of the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC) using Iranian students. International Journal of Testing, 9, 60-66. doi:10.1080/15305050902733471.
  27. Lamond, A., Depp, C., Allison, M., Langer, R., Reichstadt, J., Moore, D., . . . Jeste, D. V. (2008). Measurement and predictors of resilience among community-dwelling older women. Journal of Psychiatric Research, 43, 148-154. doi:10.1016/j.jpsychires.2008.03.007
  28. Singh, K., & Yu, X. (2010). Psychometric evaluation of the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC) in a sample of Indian students. Journal of Psychology, 1, 23-30.
  29. Jorgensen, I. E., & Seedat, S. (2008). Factor structure of the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale in South African adolescents. International Journal of Adolescent Medicine and Health, 20, 23-32.
  30. Bezdjian, S., Schneider, K.G., Burchett, D., Baker, M.T., & Garb, H.N. (2017). Resilience in the United States Air Force: Psychometric properties of the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC). Journal of Psychological Assessment, 29(5), 479-485. doi: 10.1037/pas0000370
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