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Viruses are trailblazers in hijacking host systems for their own needs. Plant viruses have been shown to exploit alternative avenues of translocation within a host, including a challenging route through the xylem, to expand their niche and establish systemic spread, despite apparent host-imposed obstacles.
No. | Family | Genus | Species | Host Plants | References | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
+ssRNA | 1 | Alphaflexiviridae | Potexvirus | Papaya mosaic virus | Cucumber (Cucumis surivus L.) | [13] |
2 | Alphaflexiviridae | Potexvirus | Potato virus X | Nicotiana benthamiana Domin | [8][18] | |
3 | Benyviridae | Benyvirus | Beet necrotic yellow vein virus | Sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.) | [11][19] | |
4 | Bromoviridae | Alfamovirus | Alfalfa mosaic virus | Cucumber (Cucumis surivus L.) | [13] | |
5 | Bromoviridae | Bromovirus | Brome mosaic virus | Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.), Oat (Arena sativa L.) | [16][20] | |
6 | Bromoviridae | Bromovirus | Cowpea chlorotic mottle virus | Cucumber (Cucumis surivus L.) | [13] | |
7 | Bromoviridae | Cucumovirus | Cucumber mosaic virus | Cucumber (Cucumis surivus L.) | [6] | |
8 | Bromoviridae | Ilarvirus | Prune dwarf virus | Tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L. cv. Samsun) | [21] | |
9 | Closteroviridae | Closterovirus | Carnation yellow fleck virus | Carnation (Dianthus caryophyllus L.) | [22] | |
10 | Closteroviridae | Closterovirus | Citrus tristeza virus | Citrus macrophylla Wester | [7] | |
11 | Potyviridae | Potyvirus | Bean common mosaic virus | Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L. ‘Bataaf’) | [23][24] | |
12 | Potyviridae | Potyvirus | Papaya ringspot virus | Cucumber (Cucumis surivus L.) | [13] | |
13 | Potyviridae | Potyvirus | Potato virus Y | Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) and tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) | [25] | |
14 | Potyviridae | Potyvirus | Turnip mosaic virus | Nicotiana benthamiana Domin | [8] | |
15 | Potyviridae | Potyvirus | Zucchini yellow mosaic virus | Cucumber (Cucumis surivus L.) | [6][13] | |
16 | Secoviridae | Comovirus | Bean pod mottle virus | Black Valentine bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) | [26] | |
17 | Secoviridae | Comovirus | Cowpea severe mosaic virus | Monarch cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L.) | [26] | |
18 | Secoviridae | Comovirus | Squash mosaic virus | Cucumber (Cucumis surivus L.) | [13] | |
19 | Secoviridae | Nepovirus | Tobacco ringspot virus | Cucumber (Cucumis surivus L.) | [13] | |
20 | Secoviridae | Nepovirus | Tomato ringspot virus | Cucumber (Cucumis surivus L.) | [13] | |
21 | Solemoviridae | Sobemovirus | Blueberry shoestring virus | Highbush blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum L.) | [14] | |
22 | Solemoviridae | Sobemovirus | Rice yellow mottle virus | Rice (Oryza sativa L.) | [27] | |
23 | Solemoviridae | Sobemovirus | Southern bean mosaic virus | Black Valentine bean, Pinto bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) | [26][28] | |
24 | Tombusviridae | Gammacarmovirus | Melon necrotic spot virus | Cucumber (Cucumis surivus L.) | [13] | |
25 | Tombusviridae | Tombusvirus | Cucumber necrosis virus | Cucumber (Cucumis surivus L.) | [13] | |
26 | Tombusviridae | Tombusvirus | Tomato bushy stunt virus | Nicotiana benthamiana Domin, Gomphrena globose L. | [29][30] | |
27 | Tombusviridae | Tombusvirus | Artichoke mottle crinkle virus | Artichoke (Cynara Cardunculus var. scolymus (L.) Benth.) | [31] | |
28 | Virgaviridae | Furovirus | Soilborne wheat mosaic virus | Red winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L. cv. Vona) | [32] | |
29 | Virgaviridae | Pomovirus | Potato mop-top virus | Tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L. cv. Xanthi-nc) | [33] | |
30 | Virgaviridae | Tobamovirus | Cucumber green mottle mosaic virus | Cucumber (Cucumis surivus L.) | [13][34] | |
31 | Virgaviridae | Tobamovirus | Maracuja mosaic virus | Nicotiana benthamiana Domin | [35] | |
32 | Virgaviridae | Tobamovirus | Pepper mild mottle virus | Green pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) | [12] | |
33 | Virgaviridae | Tobamovirus | Tobacco mosaic virus | Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) | [10] | |
34 | Virgaviridae | Tobravirus | Tobacco rattle virus | Potato (Solanum tuberosum L. cv. Glada), tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L. cv. Samsun) | [36] | |
35 | Virgaviridae | Tobamovirus | Tomato mosaic virus | Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) | [12] | |
−ssRNA | 36 | Rhabdoviridae | Cytorhabdovirus | Lettuce necrotic yellows virus | Tobacco (Nicotiana glutinosa L.) | [9] |
ssDNA | 37 | Geminiviridae | Begomovirus | Tomato (yellow) leaf curl virus | Nicotiana benthamiana Domin | [37] |
38 | Geminiviridae | Begomovirus | Tomato yellow leaf curl Sardinia virus | Nicotiana benthamiana Domin | [37] | |
39 | Geminiviridae | Begomovirus | Tomato golden mosaic virus | Nicotiana benthamiana Domin | [37] |
Genome Composition | +ssRNA | +ssRNA | +ssRNA | −ssRNA | ssDNA |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Family | Bromoviridae | Benyviridae | Alphaflexiviridae | Rhabdoviridae | Geminiviridae |
Tombusviridae | Virgaviridae | Closteroviridae | |||
Solemoviridae | Potyviridae | ||||
Secoviridae | |||||
Tombusviridae | |||||
Virion shape | icosahedral | short rigid rod-like | long flexuous | bullet-like | twinned-icosahedral |
Virion size | 25–35 nm/Diameter | 65–350 nm/Length, 11~20 nm/Diameter | 500~2000 nm/Length, 12~13 nm/Diameter | 227 nm/Length, 66 nm/Diameter | ~30 nm/Length, 18~20 nm/Diameter |