In the recent years people are facing novel viral pathogens that are defined as new etiological agents. Emergence of these viral infections has notably affected Human health and has caused concerns for the health care systems around the world. Vaccination is one of the most potent approaches in the management of viral diseases. In many cases, the vaccine candidate requires protection from degradation and also precise delivery to the target cells. This can be achieved by employing different types of drug and vaccine delivery strategies among which nanotechnology-based systems seem to be promising alternatives to the conventional vaccinations. The video aims to provide insight into major aspects of vaccine design and formulation to address different diseases including the recent outbreak of SARS-CoV-2. This name was chosen based on the fact that the virus is genetically related to the coronavirus responsible for the SARS outbreak of 2003 and the Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS) outbreak of 2012. On 11 February 2020, the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV) announced "severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2" (SARS-CoV-2) as the official scientific name of this new pathogen. Special emphasis of this entry is on the technical and practical aspects of vaccine construction and theranostic approaches to precisely localize the payload.