References

1. 1. Briaud, J.L; Ting, C.K; Chen, H.C; Han, S.W.; Kwak, K.W. Erosion function apparatus for scour rate predictions. J. Geotech. Geoenviron. Eng. 2001, 127, 105-113.2. Hanson, G.J. Surface erodibility of earthen channels at high stresses part ii-developing an in situ testing device. T. ASAE 1990, 33, 132-137.3. Hanson, G.J.; Cook, K.R. Apparatus, test procedures, and analytical methods to measure soil erodibility in situ. Appl. Eng. Agr. 2004, 20, 455-462.4. Wan, C.F.; Fell, R. Laboratory tests on the rate of piping erosion of soils in embankment dams. Geotech. Test. J. 2004, 27, 295-303.5. Khanal, A.; Fox, G.A.; Al-Madhhachi, A.T. Variability of erodibility parameters from laboratory mini jet erosion tests. J. Hydrol. Eng. 2016, 21, 10.1061/(ASCE)HE.1943-5584.0001404.6. Abbas, M.N.; Al-Madhhachi, A.T.; Esmael, S.A. Quantifying soil erodibility parameters due to wastewater chemicals. Int. J. Hydrol. Sci. Technol (In press). 7. Al-Madhhachi, A.T.; Hasan, M.B. Influence of in-situ scaling on variability of polluted soil erodibility parameters. Pollution, DOI: 10.22059/poll.2018.252263.393 (In press). 8. Mutter, G.M.; Al-Madhhachi, A.T.; Rashed, R.R. Influence of soil stabilizing materials on lead polluted soils using jet erosion tests. Int. J. Integr. Eng. 2017, 9, 28-38.9. Salah, M.M.; Al-Madhhachi, A.T. Influence of lead pollution on cohesive soil erodibility using jet erosion tests. Environ. Nat. Resour. Res. 2016, 6, 88-98.10. Shayannejad, M.; Ostad-Ali-Askari, K.; Ramesh, A.; Singh, V.P.; Eslamian, S. Wastewater and magnetized wastewater effects on soil erosion in furrow irrigation. Int. J. Res. Stud. Agric. Sci. 2017, 3, 1-14.11. Quyum, A.; Achari, G.; Goodman, R.H. Effect of wetting and drying and dilution on moisture migration through oil contaminated hydrophobic soils. Sci. Total Environ. 2002, 296, 77-87.12. Tsai, T.T.; Kao, C.M. Treatment of petroleum-hydrocarbon contaminated soils using hydrogen peroxide oxidation catalyzed by waste basic oxygen furnace slag. Journal of Hazardous Materials 2009, 170, 466- 472.13. Anoliefo, G.O.; Vwioko, D.E. Effects of spent lubrication oil on the growth of Capsicum anumL and Hycopersiconesculentum Miller. Environmental Pollution, 1995, 88, 361- 364. 14. Tigris oil spill pollutes Iraq water supplyitle of Site. Available online: https://www. oilandgasmiddleeast.com/article-12343-tigris-oil-spill-pollutes-iraq-water-supply (April 24, 2014).15. Al-Madhhachi, A.T. Variability in soil erodibility parameters of tigris riverbanks using linear and non-linear models. Al-Nahrain Journal for Engineering Sciences 2017, 20, 959-969.16. Al-Madhhachi, A.T.; Hanson, G.J.; Fox, G.A.; Tyagi, A.K.; Bulut, R. Measuring soil erodibility using a laboratory “mini” jet. T. ASABE 2013, 56, 901-910.17. Al-Madhhachi, A. T.; Hanson, G. J.; Fox, G. A.; Tyagi, A. K.; Bulut, R. Deriving parameters of a fundamental detachment model for cohesive soils from flume and jet erosion tests. T. ASABE 2013, 56, 489-504.18. Daly, E.R.; Fox, G.A.; Miller, R.B.; Al-Madhhachi, A.T. A scour depth approach for deriving erodibility parameters from jet erosion tests. T. ASABE 2013, 56, 1343-1351.19. Daly, E.R.; Fox, G.A.; Al-Madhhachi, A.T.; Storm, D.E. Variability of fluvial erodibility parameters for streambanks on a watershed scale. Geomorphology 2015, 231: 281-291.20. Hanson, G.J.; Hunt, S.L. Lessons learned using laboratory jet method to measure soil erodibility of compacted soils. T. ASABE. 2007, 23, 305-312.21. Cleaver, J.W.; Yates, B. Mechanism of detachment of colloidal particles from a flat substrate in a turbulent flow. J. Colloid Interface Sci. 1973, 44, no. 3: 464-474.22. Nearing, M.A. A probabilistic model of soil detachment by shallow turbulent flow. T. ASAE 1991, 34, 81-85.23. Sharif, A.R.; Atkinson, J.F. Model for surface erosion of cohesive soils. J. hydraul. Eng. 2012, 138, 581-590.24. Al-Madhhachi, A.T.; Hanson, G.; Fox, G.; Tyagi, A.; Bulut, R. Mechanistic detachment rate model to predict soil erodibility due to fluvial and seepage forces. J. Hydraul. Eng. – ASCE 2014, 140.25. Al-Madhhachi, A.T.; Fox, G.A.; Hanson, G.J. Quantifying the erodibility of streambanks and hillslopes due to surface and subsurface forces. Transactions of the ASABE 2014, 57, 1057-1069.26. Wilson, B. N. Development of a fundamentally based detachment model. T. ASAE 1993, 36, 1105-1114.27. Wilson, B. N. Evaluation of a fundamentally based detachment model. T. ASAE 1993, 36, 1115-1122.28. Khanal, A.; Fox, G.A. Detachment characteristics of root-permeated soils from laboratory jet erosion tests. Ecol. Eng. 2017, 100: 335-343.29. Criswell, D.T., Fox, G.A., Miller, R.B., Daly, E.R., and Al-Madhhachi, A.T. "Flume experiments to determine the erodibility of gravel streambank soils." In 2013 Kansas City, Missouri, July 21 - July 24, 2013, 1. St. Joseph, MI: ASABE, 2013.30. Criswell, D.T.; Al-Madhhachi, A.T.; Fox, G.A.; Miller R. B. Deriving erodibility parameters of a mechanistic detachment model for gravels. Transactions of the ASABE 2016, 59, 145-151.31. Chepil, W. Equilibrium of soil grains at the threshold of movement by wind 1. Soil Science Society of America Journal 1959, 23, 422-428.32. Einstein, H.A. The bed-load function for sediment transportation in open channel flows. Vol. 1026: Washington, D.C.: USDA Soil Conservation, 1950. 33. Partheniades, E. Erosion and deposition of cohesive soils. J. Hydraul. Div., ASCE, 1965, 91, 105-139.34. Einstein, H.A.; El-Samni, E.-S.A.; Hydrodynamic forces on a rough wall. Rev. Mod. Phys. 1949, 21, 520-524.35. Freeze, R. A.; Cherry, J. A. Groundwater, Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River, NJ, 1979.36. Ibrahem M. M.; Mohammed A. A.; Jar-Allah A.T. Kinetics of sulfur, vanadium and nickel removal from basra crude oil hydro treating. Tikrit J. Eng. Sci. 2010, 17: 1-14.37. Al-Madhhachi, A.T.; Hanson, G.; Fox, G.; Tyagi, A.; Bulut, R. Measuring erodibility of cohesive soils using laboratory jet erosion tests. Paper presented at the World Environmental and Water Resources Congress 2011: Bearing Knowledge for Sustainability 2011.38. Wang, Y.; Feng, J.; Lin, Q.; Lyu, X.; Wang, X.; Wang, G. Effects of crude oil contamination on soil physical and chemical properties in momoge wetland of china. Chin. Geog. Sci. 2013, 23, 708-715.39. Richardson, V.; Herath, G.; Kalpage, C.; Jinadasa, K. Physico-chemical characteristic of a petroleum contaminated soil from the spill site of jaffna district. Proceedings of the 6th International Conference on Structural Engineering and Construction Management 2015.