Nanoparticles are minuscule particles with dimensions typically ranging from 1 to 100 nanometers. Their small size grants them unique physical and chemical properties, making them indispensable in various fields. In medicine, drug delivery systems employ nanoparticles to target specific cells, reducing side effects. In electronics, nanoparticles enhance the performance of semiconductors and catalytic materials. In environmental science, they aid in water purification and pollution control. Nanoparticles are also vital in materials science, as they can reinforce composites, enhancing strength and durability. Moreover, their optical properties enable innovative applications in imaging and sensors. However, the exceptional reactivity and potential toxicity of some nanoparticles raise concerns for safety and environmental impact. Their development demands a balance between harnessing their capabilities and understanding their potential risks, which is a crucial aspect of ongoing research in nanotechnology ^[1].