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Nature-Made Nanostructured Materials (Clinoptilolite)
Nature-Made Nanostructured Materials (Clinoptilolite)
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Usually, nanostructures have an artificial origin, indeed they are fabricated by top-down (e.g., ball milling, laser ablation in liquids, sputtering, etc.) or bottom-up (i.e., chemical synthesis) approaches. However, nanostructures are occasionally available also in nature. The clinoptilolite mineral is the most relevant example of a nanostructured material made by nature. Clinoptilolite is a very common type of natural zeolite, widely available on the market at low cost. Zeolites are silicoaluminate compounds, containing charge-balancing cations of alkali (Na+, K+) and alkaline-heart (Ca2+, Mg2+) metals. Owing to their microporous structure, these substances are technologically very useful; indeed, zeolites have cavities (cages) in the crystalline lattice, that are connected together to form a regular array of channels. Clinoptilolite has a finely-grained texture made of lamellar crystals with a thickness of 40nm and containing a two-dimensional array of channels placed in parallel with the lamellar basal planes. These lamellas are compactly staked together, leading to a structure resembling the ‘Opus Latericium’ used in the ancient Roman architecture. This highly robust microstructure allows the clinoptilolite mineral to exhibit good mechanical properties and mesoporosity (inter-lamellar porosity), in addition to the typical microporosity (molecularly-sized porosity), which characterizes all zeolite types [1]. To observe the nano-sized texture of clinoptilolite, made of identical lamellas with a thickness of 40nm, the surface of the mineral needs to be polished, chemically etched, and investigated by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) at very high magnification. In order to achieve a flat surface, the sample has to be first grained and then polished by a P4000 silicon carbide paper. Owing to the larger number of Si atoms contained in clinoptilolite compared to the Al atoms (5.4:1 for our zeolite sample), the chemical etching reaction needs to be based on the desilication process (dissolution of the framework silica with formation of soluble sodium silicate). In particular, a sodium hydroxide (NaOH) aqueous solution (0.2M) can be conveniently used for the clinoptilolite mineral etching with an etching time of a few hours (at room temperature). An etching treatment based on the dealumination reaction is not adequate since it can cause only lattice defects formation.

 

References
  1. An overview of the advanced nanomaterials science . Elsevier - ScienceDirect. Retrieved 2023-11-12
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06 Dec 2023
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Keywords
nature-made nanostructured materialsNatural nanomaterialsZeolitesClinoptilolite2D nanomaterialsnanoplatelets
Carotenuto, G. Nature-Made Nanostructured Materials (Clinoptilolite). Encyclopedia. Available online: https://encyclopedia.pub/image/184 (accessed on 18 April 2025).
Carotenuto G. Nature-Made Nanostructured Materials (Clinoptilolite). Encyclopedia. https://encyclopedia.pub/image/184. Published Nov 13, 2023. Accessed 18 April, 2025.
Carotenuto, Gianfranco. Nature-Made Nanostructured Materials (Clinoptilolite). 2023. Encyclopedia. https://encyclopedia.pub/image/184.
Carotenuto, G. (2023). Nature-Made Nanostructured Materials (Clinoptilolite). Encyclopedia. https://encyclopedia.pub/image/184
Carotenuto, Gianfranco. "Nature-Made Nanostructured Materials (Clinoptilolite)." Encyclopedia, 2023, https://encyclopedia.pub/image/184. Accessed 18 April, 2025.
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