Under the microscope, a butterfly wing reveals a mesmerizing tapestry of scales, each overlapping like shingles on a roof. These scales, which are the source of a butterfly's vibrant colors and patterns, come in various shapes and sizes—some are elongated and narrow, while others are broader and more rounded. The scales are arranged in neat rows and can exhibit iridescent colors due to the microscopic structure that reflects and refracts light, a phenomenon known as structural coloration.

Each scale is intricately textured, with ridges and grooves running along its length, which contribute to the diffraction of light and the creation of shimmering, multi-colored effects. The scales themselves may be translucent or opaque, and their coloration can range from vivid blues and greens to deep reds and blacks, often with intricate patterns that are not visible to the naked eye.

Between the scales, the wing's underlying membrane can sometimes be seen, a delicate structure that supports the entire wing. The fine detail and vibrant colors of a butterfly wing under the microscope provide a glimpse into the complex beauty and adaptability of these delicate insects.