Summary

HandWiki is the world's largest wiki-style encyclopedia dedicated to science, technology and computing. It allows you to create and edit articles as long as you have external citations and login account. In addition, this is a content management environment that can be used for collaborative editing of original scholarly content, such as books, manuals, monographs and tutorials.

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Open Archival Information System
An Open Archival Information System (or OAIS) is an archive, consisting of an organization of people and systems, that has accepted the responsibility to preserve information and make it available for a Designated Community. The term OAIS also refers, by extension, to the ISO OAIS Reference Model for an OAIS. This reference model is defined by recommendation CCSDS 650.0-B-2 of the Consultative Committee for Space Data Systems; this text is identical to ISO 14721:2012. The CCSDS's purview is space agencies, but the OAIS model it developed has proved useful to a wide variety of other organizations and institutions with digital archiving needs. The information being maintained has been deemed to need "long term preservation", even if the OAIS itself is not permanent. "Long term" is long enough to be concerned with the impacts of changing technologies, including support for new media and data formats, or with a changing user community. "Long term" may extend indefinitely. In this reference model there is a particular focus on digital information, both as the primary forms of information held and as supporting information for both digitally and physically archived materials. Therefore, the model accommodates information that is inherently non-digital (e.g., a physical sample), but the modeling and preservation of such information is not addressed in detail. As strictly a conceptual framework, the OAIS model does not require the use of any particular computing platform, system environment, system design paradigm, system development methodology, database management system, database design paradigm, data definition language, command language, system interface, user interface, technology, or media for an archive to be compliant. Its aim is to set the standard for the activities that are involved in preserving a digital archive rather than the method for carrying out those activities. The acronym OAIS should not be confused with OAI, which is the Open Archives Initiative.
  • 1.4K
  • 24 Oct 2022
Topic Review
Reactions of Nitrile Anions
Nitrile anions are the conjugate bases of alkyl nitriles. They undergo nucleophilic addition and substitution reactions with various electrophiles.
  • 2.1K
  • 24 Oct 2022
Topic Review
S3 Savage
Savage was a product-line of PC graphics chipsets designed by S3.
  • 1.6K
  • 24 Oct 2022
Topic Review
Agrippa (A Book of the Dead)
Agrippa (A Book of the Dead) is a work of art created by science fiction novelist William Gibson, artist Dennis Ashbaugh and publisher Kevin Begos Jr. in 1992. The work consists of a 300-line semi-autobiographical electronic poem by Gibson, embedded in an artist's book by Ashbaugh. Gibson's text focused on the ethereal, human-owed nature of memories retained over the passage of time (the title referred to a Kodak photo album from which the text's memories are taken). Its principal notoriety arose from the fact that the poem, stored on a 3.5" floppy disk, was programmed to encrypt itself after a single use; similarly, the pages of the artist's book were treated with photosensitive chemicals, effecting the gradual fading of the words and images from the book's first exposure to light.
  • 1.1K
  • 24 Oct 2022
Topic Review
Medical Software
Medical software is any software item or system used within a medical context, such as:reducing the paperwork, tracking patient activity standalone software used for diagnostic or therapeutic purposes; software embedded in a medical device (often referred to as "medical device software"); software that drives a medical device or determines how it is used; software that acts as an accessory to a medical device; software used in the design, production, and testing of a medical device; or software that provides quality control management of a medical device.
  • 1.0K
  • 24 Oct 2022
Topic Review
InterCityExperimental
The Intercity Experimental, later renamed ICE V, was an experimental train developed by the Deutsche Bundesbahn for research into high-speed rail in Germany. It is the predecessor of all Intercity-Express trains of the Deutsche Bahn.
  • 662
  • 24 Oct 2022
Topic Review
Shabo Language
Shabo (or preferably Chabu; also called Mikeyir) is an endangered language and likely language isolate spoken by about 400 former hunter-gatherers in southwestern Ethiopia, in the westernmost part of the Southern Nations, Nationalities, and People's Region. Its classification is uncertain, though it appears to be a Nilo-Saharan language (Anbessa & Unseth 1989, Fleming 1991, Blench 2010). It was first reported to be a separate language by Lionel Bender in 1977, based on data gathered by missionary Harvey Hoekstra. A grammar was published in 2015 (Kibebe 2015).
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  • 24 Oct 2022
Topic Review
Apache Wave
Apache Wave was a software framework for real-time collaborative editing online. Google originally developed it as Google Wave. It was announced at the Google I/O conference on May 27, 2009. Wave is a web-based computing platform and communications protocol designed to merge key features of communications media such as email, instant messaging, wikis, and social networking. Communications using the system can be synchronous or asynchronous. Software extensions provide contextual spelling and grammar checking, automated language translation and other features. Initially released only to developers, a preview release of Google Wave was extended to 100,000 users in September 2009, each allowed to invite additional users. Google accepted most requests submitted starting November 29, 2009, soon after the September extended release of the technical preview. On May 19, 2010, it was released to the general public. On August 4, 2010, Google announced the suspension of stand-alone Wave development and the intent of maintaining the web site at least for the remainder of the year, and on November 22, 2011, announced that existing Waves would become read-only in January 2012 and all Waves would be deleted in April 2012. Development was handed over to the Apache Software Foundation which started to develop a server-based product called Wave in a Box. It was retired in January 2018.
  • 1.5K
  • 24 Oct 2022
Topic Review
Acnistus Arborescens
[ N.B. the monotypic genus Acnistus was subsumed in the genus Iochroma by J.M.H. Shaw in 2016 and the species formerly known as Acnistus arborescens is now known correctly as Iochroma arborescens (L.) J.M.H. Shaw ]. Acnistus arborescens is a species of flowering plant – the single species in the monotypic genus Acnistus, belonging to the Nightshade family Solanaceae. Common names include gallinero ( = 'henhouse' ), mata-gallina ( = 'chicken-killer' ), fruta-de-sabiá ( = 'thrush-fruit' ), hollowheart, wild tobacco, siyou, bastard sirio, galán arbóreo, tabaco de monte ( = 'mountain tobacco' ), nigüito, marieneira, güitite, and tabak djab ( = 'devil's tobacco' ).
  • 1.3K
  • 27 Oct 2022
Topic Review
Bomb-Making Instructions on the Internet
The availability of bomb-making instruction on the Internet has been a cause célèbre amongst lawmakers and politicians anxious to curb the Internet frontier by censoring certain types of information deemed "dangerous" which is available online. "Simple" examples of explosives created from cheap, readily available ingredients are given. The Federal Bureau of Investigation reports that there were 1,699 criminal bombings in 1989 and 3,163 in 1994.
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  • 24 Oct 2022
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