LinkedIn: History
View Latest Version
Please note this is an old version of this entry, which may differ significantly from the current revision.
Subjects: Sociology
Contributor:
HandWiki

LinkedIn (/lɪŋktˈɪn/) is a business and employment-oriented service that operates via websites and mobile apps. Founded on December 28, 2002, and launched on May 5, 2003, it is mainly used for professional networking, including employers posting jobs and job seekers posting their CVs. As of 2015, most of the company's revenue came from selling access to information about its members to recruiters and sales professionals. As of April 2017, LinkedIn had 500 million members in 200 countries, out of which more than 106 million members are active. LinkedIn allows members (both workers and employers) to create profiles and "connections" to each other in an online social network which may represent real-world professional relationships. Members can invite anyone (whether an existing member or not) to become a connection. The "gated-access approach" (where contact with any professional requires either an existing relationship or an introduction through a contact of theirs) is intended to build trust among the service's members. LinkedIn participated in the EU's International Safe Harbor Privacy Principles. The site has an Alexa Internet ranking as the 34th most popular website ((As of June 2018)). According to the New York Times, US high school students are now creating LinkedIn profiles to include with their college applications. Based in the United States, the site is, as of 2013, available in 24 languages, including Arabic, Chinese, English, French, German, Italian, Portuguese, Spanish, Dutch, Swedish, Danish, Romanian, Russian, Turkish, Japanese, Czech, Polish, Korean, Indonesian, Malay, and Tagalog. LinkedIn filed for an initial public offering in January 2011 and traded its first shares on May 19, 2011, under the NYSE symbol "LNKD". On June 13, 2016, Microsoft announced plans to acquire LinkedIn for $26.2 billion. The acquisition was completed on December 8, 2016. According to the SEC filing, "The transaction resulted in the payment of approximately $26.4 billion in cash merger consideration."

  • online social network
  • initial public offering
  • applications

1. Company Overview

Former LinkedIn headquarters on Stierlin Court in Mountain View, CA

LinkedIn is headquartered in Sunnyvale, California, with offices in Omaha, Chicago, Los Angeles, New York, San Francisco, Washington DC, São Paulo, London, Dublin, Amsterdam, Milan, Paris, Munich, Madrid, Stockholm, Singapore, Hong Kong, China, Japan, Australia, Canada, India and Dubai. In January 2016, the company had around 9,200 employees.[1]

LinkedIn's CEO is Jeff Weiner,[2] previously a Yahoo! Inc. executive. Founder Reid Hoffman, previously CEO of LinkedIn, is Chairman of the Board.[2][3] It is funded by Sequoia Capital, Greylock, Bain Capital Ventures,[4] Bessemer Venture Partners and the European Founders Fund.[5] LinkedIn reached profitability in March 2006.[6] Through January 2011, the company had received a total of $103 million of investment.Cite error: Closing </ref> missing for <ref> tag In late 2003, Sequoia Capital led the Series A investment in the company.[7] In August 2004, LinkedIn reached 1 million users.[8] In March 2006, LinkedIn achieved its first month of profitability.[8] In April 2007, LinkedIn reached 10 million users.[8] In February 2008, LinkedIn launched a mobile version of the site.[9]

In June 2008, Sequoia Capital, Greylock Partners, and other venture capital firms purchased a 5% stake in the company for $53 million, giving the company a post-money valuation of approximately $1 billion.[10] In November 2009, LinkedIn opened its office in Mumbai[11] and soon thereafter in Sydney, as it started its Asia-Pacific team expansion. In 2010, LinkedIn opened an International Headquarters in Dublin, Ireland,[12] received a $20 million investment from Tiger Global Management LLC at a valuation of approximately $2 billion,[13] announced its first acquisition, Mspoke,[14] and improved its 1% premium subscription ratio.[15] In October of that year, Silicon Valley Insider ranked the company No. 10 on its Top 100 List of most valuable start ups.[16] By December, the company was valued at $1.575 billion in private markets.[17]

1.1. 2011 to Present

LinkedIn office building at 222 Second Street in San Francisco (opened in March 2016)
LinkedIn Office in Toronto.

LinkedIn filed for an initial public offering in January 2011. The company traded its first shares on May 19, 2011, under the NYSE symbol "LNKD", at $45 per share. Shares of LinkedIn rose as much as 171% on their first day of trade on the New York Stock Exchange and closed at $94.25, more than 109% above IPO price. Shortly after the IPO, the site's underlying infrastructure was revised to allow accelerated revision-release cycles.[2] In 2011, LinkedIn earned $154.6 million in advertising revenue alone, surpassing Twitter, which earned $139.5 million.[18] LinkedIn's fourth-quarter 2011 earnings soared because of the company's increase in success in the social media world.[19] By this point, LinkedIn had about 2,100 full-time employees compared to the 500 that it had in 2010.[20]

In Q2 2012, LinkedIn leased 57,120 square feet on three floors of the One Montgomery Tower building in the Financial District of San Francisco, which was expanded to 135,000 square feet by 2014.[21][22] In May 2012, LinkedIn announced that its Q1 2012 revenues were up to $188.5 million compared to $93.9 million in Q1 2011. Net income increased 140% over Q1 2011 to $5 million. Revenue for Q2 was estimated to be between $210 to $215 million.[23] In November 2012, LinkedIn released its third quarter earnings, reporting earnings-per-share of $0.22 on revenue of $252 million. As a result of these numbers, LinkedIn's stock increased to roughly $112 a share.[24]

In April 2014, LinkedIn announced that it had leased 222 Second Street, a 26-story building under construction in San Francisco's SoMa district, to accommodate up to 2,500 of its employees,[22] with the lease covering 10 years.[1] The goal was to join all San Francisco-based staff (1,250 as of January 2016) in one building, bringing sales and marketing employees together with the research and development team.[1] They started to move in in March 2016.[1] In February 2016, following an earnings report, LinkedIn's shares dropped 43.6% within a single day, down to $108.38 per share. LinkedIn lost $10 billion of its market capitalization that day.[25][26]

On June 13, 2016, Microsoft announced that it would acquire LinkedIn for $196 a share, a total value of $26.2 billion and the largest acquisition made by Microsoft to date. The acquisition would be an all-cash, debt-financed transaction. Microsoft would allow LinkedIn to "retain its distinct brand, culture and independence", with Weiner to remain as CEO, who would then report to Microsoft CEO Satya Nadella. Analysts believed Microsoft saw the opportunity to integrate LinkedIn with its Office product suite to help better integrate the professional network system with its products. The deal was completed on December 8, 2016.[27]

In late 2016, LinkedIn announced a planned increase of 200 new positions in its Dublin office, which would bring the total employee count to 1,200.[28]

1.2. Acquisitions

In July 2012, LinkedIn acquired 15 key Digg patents for $4 million including a "click a button to vote up a story" patent.[29]

Number Acquisition date Company Business Country Price Description Ref.
1 2010 mspoke Adaptive personalization of content  USA $0.6 million[30] LinkedIn Recommendations [31]
2 2010 ChoiceVendor Social B2B Reviews  USA $3.9 million[32] Rate and review B2B service providers [33]
3 2011 CardMunch Social Contacts  USA $1.7 million[30] Scan and import business cards [34]
4 2011 Connected Social CRM  USA - LinkedIn Connected [35]
5 2011 IndexTank Social search  USA - LinkedIn Search [36]
6 2012 Rapportive Social Contacts  USA $15 million[37] - [38]
7 2012 SlideShare Social Content  USA $119 million Give LinkedIn members a way to discover people through content [39]
8 2013 Pulse Web / Mobile newsreader  USA $90 million Definitive professional publishing platform [40]
9 2014 Bright.com Job Matching  USA $120 million   [41]
10 2014 Newsle Web application  USA - Allows users to follow real news about their Facebook friends, LinkedIn contacts, and public figures. [42]
11 2014 Bizo Web application  USA $175 million Helps advertisers reach businesses and professionals [43]
12 2015 Careerify Web application  Canada - Helps businesses hire people using social media [44]
13 2015 Refresh.io Web application  USA - Surfaces insights about people in your networks right before you meet them [45]
14 2015 Lynda.com eLearning  USA $1.5 billion[46] Lets users learn business, technology, software, and creative skills through videos [47]
15 2015 Fliptop Predictive Sales and Marketing Firm  USA - Using data science to help companies close more sales [48]
16 2016 Connectifier Web application  USA - Helps companies with their recruiting [49]
17 2016 PointDrive Web application  USA - Lets salespeople share visual content with prospective clients to help seal the deal [50]

1.3. Lawsuit

In 2013, a class action lawsuit entitled Perkins vs. LinkedIn Corp was filed against the company, accusing it of automatically sending invitations to contacts in a member's email address book without permission. The court agreed with LinkedIn that permission had in fact been given for invitations to be sent, but not for the two further reminder emails.[51] LinkedIn settled the lawsuit in 2015 for $13 million.[52] Many members should have received a notice in their email with the subject line "Legal Notice of Settlement of Class Action". The Case No. is 13-CV-04303-LHK .[53] 94% of B2B marketers use LinkedIn to distribute content. [54]

2. Membership

Social media websites can also use "traditional" marketing approaches, as seen in these LinkedIn-branded chocolates.

As of 2015, LinkedIn had more than 400 million members in over 200 countries and territories.[2][55] It is significantly ahead of its competitors Viadeo (50 million as of 2013)[56] and XING (11 million as of 2016).[57] In 2011, its membership grew by approximately two new members every second.[58] As of 2018, there are over half a billion LinkedIn members.[59]

2.1. User Profile Network

The basic functionality of LinkedIn allows users (workers and employers) to create profiles, which for employees typically consist of a curriculum vitae describing their work experience, education and training, skills, and a personal photo. The site also enables members to make "connections" to each other in an online social network which may represent real-world professional relationships. Members can invite anyone (whether a site member or not) to become a connection. However, if the invitee selects "I don't know" or "Spam", this counts against the inviter. If the inviter gets too many of such responses, the member's account may be restricted or closed.[60]

A member's list of connections can then be used in a number of ways:

  • Users can obtain introductions to the connections of connections (termed second-degree connections) and connections of second-degree connections (termed third-degree connections)
  • Users can search for second-degree connections who work at a specific company they are interested in, and then ask a specific first-degree connection in common for an introduction[61]
  • Users can find jobs, people and business opportunities recommended by someone in one's contact network.
  • Employers can list jobs and search for potential candidates.
  • Job seekers can review the profile of hiring managers and discover which of their existing contacts can introduce them.
  • Users can post their own photos and view photos of others to aid in identification.
  • Users can follow different companies.
  • Users can save (i.e. bookmark) jobs that they would like to apply for.
  • Users can "like" and "congratulate" each other's updates and new employments.
  • Users can wish each other a happy birthday.
  • Users can see who has visited their profile page.
  • Users can share video with text and filters with the introduction of LinkedIn Video.[62][63]
  • Users can write posts and articles[64] within the LinkedIn platform to share with their network.

The "gated-access approach" (where contact with any professional requires either an existing relationship, or the intervention of a contact of theirs) is intended to build trust among the service's users. LinkedIn participated in the EU's International Safe Harbor Privacy Principles.[65]

2.2. Security and Technology

In June 2012, cryptographic hashes of approximately 6.4 million LinkedIn user passwords were stolen by hackers who then published the stolen hashes online.[66] This action is known as the 2012 LinkedIn hack. In response to the incident, LinkedIn asked its users to change their passwords. Security experts criticized LinkedIn for not salting their password file and for using a single iteration of SHA-1.[67] On May 31, 2013 LinkedIn added two-factor authentication, an important security enhancement for preventing hackers from gaining access to accounts.[68] In May 2016, 117 million LinkedIn usernames and passwords were offered for sale online for the equivalent of $2,200.[69] These account details are believed to be sourced from the original 2012 LinkedIn hack, in which the number of user IDs stolen had been underestimated. To handle the large volume of emails sent to its users every day with notifications for messages, profile views, important happenings in their network, and other things, LinkedIn uses the Momentum email platform from Message Systems.[70]

In 2014, Dell SecureWorks Counter Threat Unit (CTU) discovered that Threat Group-2889, an Iran-based group, created 25 fake LinkedIn accounts. The accounts were either fully developed personas or supporting personas, and they use spearphishing or malicious websites to comprise victims' information.[71]

2.3. Applications

LinkedIn 'applications' often refers to external third party applications that interact with LinkedIn's developer API. However, in some cases it could refer to sanctioned applications featured on a user's profile page.

External, third party applications

On February 12, 2015 LinkedIn released an updated terms of use for their developer API.[72] The developer API allows both companies and individuals the ability to interact with LinkedIn's data through creation of managed third party applications. Applications must go through a review process and request permission from the user before accessing a user's data.

Normal use of the API is outlined in LinkedIn's developer documents,[73] including:

  • Sign into external services using LinkedIn
  • Add items or attributes to a user profile
  • Share items or articles to user's timeline

Embedded in profile

In October 2008, LinkedIn enabled an "applications platform" which allows external online services to be embedded within a member's profile page. Among the initial applications were an Amazon Reading List that allows LinkedIn members to display books they are reading, a connection to Tripit, and a Six Apart, WordPress and TypePad application that allows members to display their latest blog postings within their LinkedIn profile.[74] In November 2010, LinkedIn allowed businesses to list products and services on company profile pages; it also permitted LinkedIn members to "recommend" products and services and write reviews.[75] Shortly after, some of the external services were no longer supported, including Amazon's Reading List[76]

2.4. Mobile

A mobile version of the site was launched in February 2008, which gives access to a reduced feature set over a mobile phone. The mobile service is available in six languages: Chinese, English, French, German, Japanese and Spanish.[77] In January 2011, LinkedIn acquired CardMunch, a mobile app maker that scans business cards and converts into contacts.[78] In June 2013, CardMunch was noted as an available LinkedIn app.[2] In August 2011, LinkedIn revamped its mobile applications on the iPhone, Android and HTML5. At the time, mobile page views of the application were increasing roughly 400% year over year according to CEO Jeff Weiner.[79] In October 2013, LinkedIn announced a service for iPhone users called "Intro", which inserts a thumbnail of a person's LinkedIn profile in correspondence with that person when reading mail messages in the native iOS Mail program.[80] This is accomplished by re-routing all emails from and to the iPhone through LinkedIn servers, which security firm Bishop Fox asserts has serious privacy implications, violates many organizations' security policies, and resembles a man-in-the-middle attack.[81][82]

2.5. Groups

LinkedIn also supports the formation of interest groups, and as of March 29, 2012 there are 1,248,019 such groups whose membership varies from 1 to 744,662.[83][84] The majority of the largest groups are employment related, although a very wide range of topics are covered mainly around professional and career issues, and there are currently 128,000 groups for both academic and corporate alumni. Groups support a limited form of discussion area, moderated by the group owners and managers.[85] Since groups offer the functionality to reach a wide audience without so easily falling foul of anti-spam solutions, there is a constant stream of spam postings, and there now exist a range of firms who offer a spamming service for this very purpose. LinkedIn has devised a few mechanisms to reduce the volume of spam,[86] but recently took the decision to remove the ability of group owners to inspect the email address of new members in order to determine if they were spammers. Groups also keep their members informed through emails with updates to the group, including most talked about discussions within your professional circles.[83][87] Groups may be private, accessible to members only or may be open to Internet users in general to read, though they must join in order to post messages.

In December 2011, LinkedIn announced that they are rolling out polls to groups.[88] In November 2013, LinkedIn announced the addition of Showcase Pages to the platform.[89] In 2014, LinkedIn announced they were going to be removing Product and Services Pages[90] paving the way for a greater focus on Showcase Pages.[91]

2.6. Job Listings

LinkedIn allows users to research companies, non-profit organizations, and governments they may be interested in working for. Typing the name of a company or organization in the search box causes pop-up data about the company or organization to appear. Such data may include the ratio of female to male employees, the percentage of the most common titles/positions held within the company, the location of the company's headquarters and offices, and a list of present and former employees. In July 2011, LinkedIn launched a new feature allowing companies to include an "Apply with LinkedIn" button on job listing pages.[92] The new plugin allowed potential employees to apply for positions using their LinkedIn profiles as resumes.[92]

2.7. Online Recruiting

Job recruiters, head hunters, and personnel HR are increasingly using LinkedIn as a source for finding potential candidates. By using the Advanced search tools, recruiters can find members matching their specific key words with a click of a button. They then can make contact with those members by sending a request to connect or by sending InMail about a specific job opportunity he or she may have. Recruiters also often join industry based groups on LinkedIn to create connections with professionals in that line of business.[93]

2.8. Skills

Since September 2012, LinkedIn has enabled users to "endorse" each other's skills. This feature also allows users to efficiently provide commentary on other users' profiles – network building is reinforced. However, there is no way of flagging anything other than positive content.[94] LinkedIn solicits endorsements using algorithms that generate skills members might have. Members cannot opt out of such solicitations, with the result that it sometimes appears that a member is soliciting an endorsement for a non-existent skill.[95]

2.9. Publishing Platform

LinkedIn continues to add different services to its platform to expand the ways that people use it. On May 7, 2015, LinkedIn added an analytics tool to its publishing platform. The tool allows authors to better track traffic that their posts receive.[96]

2.10. Influencers

The LinkedIn Influencers program launched in October 2012 and features global thought leaders who share their professional insights with LinkedIn's members. As of May 2016, there are 750+ Influencers, approximately 74% of which are male.[97] The program is invite-only and features leaders from a range of industries including Richard Branson, Narendra Modi, Arianna Huffington, Greg McKeown, Rahm Emanuel, Jamie Dimon, Martha Stewart, Deepak Chopra, Jack Welch, and Bill Gates.[98][99]

2.11. Top Companies

LinkedIn Top Companies is a series of lists published by LinkedIn, identifying companies in the United States, Australia, Brazil, Canada, France, Germany, India and the United Kingdom that are attracting the most intense interest from job candidates. The 2018 lists identified Amazon as the most sought-after U.S. company, with Google's parent company, Alphabet ranked second and Facebook ranked third.[100] The lists are based on more than one billion actions by LinkedIn members worldwide. The Top Companies lists were started in 2016 and are published annually.

2.12. Advertising and For-Pay Research

In mid-2008, LinkedIn launched LinkedIn DirectAds as a form of sponsored advertising.[101] In October 2008, LinkedIn revealed plans to open its social network of 30 million professionals globally as a potential sample for business-to-business research. It is testing a potential social network revenue model – research that to some appears more promising than advertising.[102] On July 23, 2013, LinkedIn announced their Sponsored Updates ad service. Individuals and companies can now pay a fee to have LinkedIn sponsor their content and spread it to their user base. This is a common way for social media sites such as LinkedIn to generate revenue.[103]

3. Future Plans

3.1. Economic Graph

Inspired by Facebook's "social graph", LinkedIn CEO Jeff Weiner set a goal in 2012 to create an "economic graph" within a decade.[104] The goal is to create a comprehensive digital map of the world economy and the connections within it.[105] The economic graph was to be built on the company's current platform with data nodes including companies, jobs, skills, volunteer opportunities, educational institutions, and content.[106][107][108] They have been hoping to include all the job listings in the world, all the skills required to get those jobs, all the professionals who could fill them, and all the companies (nonprofit and for-profit) at which they work.[106] The ultimate goal is to make the world economy and job market more efficient through increased transparency.[104] In June 2014, the company announced its "Galene" search architecture to give users access to the economic graph's data with more thorough filtering of data, via user searches like "Engineers with Hadoop experience in Brazil."[109][110]

LinkedIn has used economic graph data to research several topics on the job market, including popular destination cities of recent college graduates,[111] areas with high concentrations of technology skills,[112] and common career transitions.[113] LinkedIn provided the City of New York with data from economic graph showing "in-demand" tech skills for the city's "Tech Talent Pipeline" project.[114]

4. New User Interface in 2017

Soon after LinkedIn's acquisition by Microsoft, on January 19, 2017, LinkedIn's new desktop version was introduced.[115] The new version was meant to make the user experience seamless across mobile and desktop. Some of the changes were made according to the feedback received from the previously launched mobile app. Features that were not heavily used were removed. For example, the contact tagging and filtering features are not supported any more.[116]

4.1. User Reaction

Following the launch of the new interface, some users, including blogger Zubair Abbas, complained about the missing features which were there in the older version, slowness and bugs in the UI.[117] The issues were faced by both free and premium users, and with both the desktop version and the mobile version of the site.

5. Discontinued Features

In January 2013, LinkedIn dropped support for LinkedIn Answers, and cited a new 'focus on development of new and more engaging ways to share and discuss professional topics across LinkedIn' as the reason for the retirement of the feature. The feature had been launched in 2007, and allowed users to post question to their network and allowed users to rank answers.[118]

On September 1, 2014 LinkedIn retired InMaps, a feature which allowed you to visualize your professional network.[119] The feature had been in use since January 2011.

6. Business Units

LinkedIn derives its revenues from four business divisions:[120]

  • Talent Solutions, through which recruiters and corporations pay for branded corporation and career listing pages, pay-per-click targeted job ads, and access to the LinkedIn database of users and resumes
  • Marketing Solutions, which advertisers pay for pay per click-through targeted ads
  • Premium Subscriptions, through which LinkedIn users can pay for advanced services, such as LinkedIn Business, LinkedIn Talent (for recruiters), LinkedIn JobSeeker, and LinkedIn Sales for sales professions
  • Learning Solutions, through which users can learn various skills related to their job function or personal learning goals, on the Lynda.com or LinkedIn Learning platforms

Some elements of the various subscription services are also on a pay per use basis like InMail.

7. Reception

LinkedIn has been described by online trade publication TechRepublic as having "become the de facto tool for professional networking".[121] LinkedIn has also been praised for its usefulness in fostering business relationships.[122] "LinkedIn is, far and away, the most advantageous social networking tool available to job seekers and business professionals today," according to Forbes .[123] LinkedIn has also received criticism, primarily regarding e-mail address mining and auto-update.

  • The sign-up process includes a step for users to enter their email password (there is an opt-out feature). LinkedIn will then offer to send out contact invitations to all members in that address book or that the user has had email conversations with. When the member's email address book is opened it is opened with all email addresses selected and the member is advised invitations will be sent to "selected" email addresses, or to all. Up to 1,500 invitations can then be sent out in one click, with no possibility to undo or withdraw them. LinkedIn was sued for sending out another two follow-up invitations to each contact from members to link to friends who had ignored the initial, authorized, invitation. In November 2014, LinkedIn lost a motion to dismiss the lawsuit, in a ruling that the invitations were advertisements not broadly protected by free speech rights that would otherwise permit use of people's names and images without authorization.[124][125][126][127] The lawsuit was eventually settled in 2015 in favor of LinkedIn members.[52]
  • Changing the description below a member's name is seen as a change in a job title, even if it is just a wording change or even a change to "unemployed". Unless a member opts to "turn off activity updates", an update is sent to all of that person's contacts, telling them to congratulate the member on the "new job".[128]
  • The feature that allows LinkedIn members to "endorse" each other's skills and experience has been criticized as meaningless, since the endorsements are not necessarily accurate or given by people who have familiarity with the member's skills.[129] In October 2016, LinkedIn acknowledged that it "really does matter who endorsed you" and began highlighting endorsements from "coworkers and other mutual connections" to address the criticism.[130]
  • LinkedIn has inspired the creation of specialised professional networking opportunities, such as co-founder Eddie Lou's Chicago startup, Shiftgig (released in 2012 as a platform for hourly workers).[131]

8. International Restrictions

In 2009, Syrian users reported that LinkedIn server stopped accepting connections originating from IP addresses assigned to Syria. The company's customer support stated that services provided by them are subject to US export and re-export control laws and regulations and "As such, and as a matter of corporate policy, we do not allow member accounts or access to our site from Cuba, Iran, North Korea, Sudan, or Syria."[132]

In February 2011, it was reported that LinkedIn was being blocked in China after calls for a "Jasmine Revolution". It was speculated to have been blocked because it is an easy way for dissidents to access Twitter, which had been blocked previously.[133] After a day of being blocked, LinkedIn access was restored in China.[134]

In February 2014, LinkedIn launched its Simplified Chinese language version named "领英" (pinyin: Lǐngyīng; literally: 'leading elite'), officially extending their service in China.[135][136] LinkedIn CEO Jeff Weiner acknowledged in a blog post that they would have to censor some of the content that users post on its website in order to comply with Chinese rules, but he also said the benefits of providing its online service to people in China outweighed those concerns.[135][137] Since Autumn 2017 job postings from western countries for China aren't possible anymore.[138]

On 4 August 2016, a Moscow court ruled that LinkedIn must be blocked in Russia for violating a new data retention law, which requires the user data of Russian citizens to be stored on servers within the country. This ban was upheld on 10 November 2016, and all Russian ISPs began blocking LinkedIn thereafter. LinkedIn's mobile app was also banned from Google Play Store and iOS App Store in Russia in January 2017.[139][140]

9. SNA LinkedIn

The Search, Network, and Analytics (SNA) team at LinkedIn has a website[141] that hosts the open source projects built by the group. Notable among these projects is Project Voldemort,[142] a distributed key-value structured storage system with low-latency similar in purpose to Amazon.com's Dynamo and Google's Bigtable.

10. Surveillance and NSA Program

In the 2013 global surveillance disclosures, documents released by Edward Snowden revealed that British Government Communications Headquarters (GCHQ) (an intelligence and security organisation) infiltrated the Belgian telecommunications network Belgacom by luring employees to a false LinkedIn page.[143]

11. Criticism

11.1. Use of E-Mail Accounts of Members for Spam Sending

LinkedIn sends "invite emails" to Outlook contacts from its members' email accounts, without obtaining their consent. The "invitations" give the impression that the e-mail holder himself has sent the invitation. If there is no response, the answer will be repeated several times ("You have not yet answered XY's invitation.") LinkedIn was sued in the United States on charges of hijacking e-mail accounts and spamming. The company argued with the right to freedom of expression. In addition, the users concerned would be supported in building a network.[144][145][146]

11.2. Moving Outlook Mails on LinkedIn Servers

At the end of 2013, it was announced that the LinkedIn app intercepted users' emails and silently moved them to LinkedIn servers for full access.[147] LinkedIn used man-in-the-middle attacks.[148]

11.3. Privacy Policy

The German Stiftung Warentest has criticized that the balance of rights between users and LinkedIn is disproportionate, restricting users' rights excessively while granting the company far-reaching rights.[149] It has also been claimed that LinkedIn does not respond to consumer protection center requests.[150]

In November 2016, Russia announced its intention to block the network in its own country, as it "illegally stores data of Russian users on servers abroad." The relevant law had been in force there since 2014.[151][152]

11.4. Potential New Breach, or Extended Impacts from Earlier Incidents

In July 2018, Credit Wise reported "dark web" email and password exposures from LinkedIn. Shortly thereafter, users began receiving extortion emails, using that information as "evidence" that users' contacts had been hacked, and threatening to expose pornographic videos featuring the users. LinkedIn asserts that this is related to the 2012 breach; however, there is no evidence that this is the case.

The content is sourced from: https://handwiki.org/wiki/Company:LinkedIn

References

  1. "LinkedIn connects all its S.F. employees under one roof at Tishman Speyer's tower at 222 Second St.". 2016-03-25. http://www.bizjournals.com/sanfrancisco/print-edition/2016/03/25/linkedin-222-second-st-sf-hq-tishman-speyer.html. 
  2. Hempel, Jessi (July 1, 2013). "LinkedIn: How It's Changing Business". Fortune: pp. 69–74. 
  3. "LinkedIn – Management". LinkedIn Corporation. Archived from the original on February 20, 2009. https://web.archive.org/web/20090220154549/http://press.linkedin.com/management. Retrieved December 7, 2009. 
  4. "LinkedIn Secures $53M of Funding Led by Bain Capital Ventures" (Press release). LinkedIn. June 18, 2008. Archived from the original on August 2, 2013. Retrieved August 1, 2013. Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help) https://archive.is/20130802032332/http://press.linkedin.com/News-Releases/198/LinkedIn-Secures-53M-of-Funding-Led-by-Bain-Capital-Ventures
  5. "LinkedIn Raises $12.8 Million from Bessemer Venture Partners and European Founders Fund to Accelerate Global Growth" (Press release). LinkedIn. January 29, 2007. Archived from the original on August 2, 2013. Retrieved August 1, 2013. Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help) https://archive.is/20130802033056/http://press.linkedin.com/News-Releases/179/LinkedIn-Raises-12-8-Million-from-Bessemer-Venture-Partners-and-European-Founders-Fund-to-Accelerat
  6. "LinkedIn Premium Services Finding Rapid Adoption" (Press release). LinkedIn. March 7, 2006. Archived from the original on August 2, 2013. Retrieved August 1, 2013. Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help) https://archive.is/20130802033619/http://press.linkedin.com/News-Releases/178/LinkedIn-Premium-Services-Finding-Rapid-Adoption
  7. "LinkedIn". TechCrunch. Archived from the original on November 29, 2011. https://web.archive.org/web/20111129022916/http://www.crunchbase.com/company/linkedin. Retrieved December 8, 2011. 
  8. Ann Byers (15 July 2013). Reid Hoffman and Linkedin. The Rosen Publishing Group. pp. 2003–. ISBN 978-1-4488-9537-3. https://books.google.com/books?id=GR2EAAAAQBAJ&pg=PA2003. 
  9. "Announcing LinkedIn Mobile (includes an iPhone version)". https://blog.linkedin.com/2008/02/24/linkedin-mobile-2. Retrieved September 11, 2016. 
  10. Guynn, Jessica (June 18, 2008). "Professional networking site LinkedIn valued at $1 billion". The Los Angeles Times. Archived from the original on June 22, 2008. https://web.archive.org/web/20080622142348/http://www.latimes.com/business/la-fi-linkedin18-2008jun18%2C0%2C6631759.story. Retrieved August 1, 2013. 
  11. Shinde, Shivani (2009-12-17). "LinkedIn's first Asia-Pac office in India". Business Standard India. http://www.business-standard.com/article/technology/linkedin-s-first-asia-pac-office-in-india-109121700047_1.html. 
  12. "LinkedIn establishment of International Headquarters in Dublin welcomed by IDA Ireland" (Press release). IDA Ireland. March 23, 2010. Archived from the original on October 25, 2012. Retrieved August 2, 2013. Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help) https://web.archive.org/web/20121025045354/http://www.idaireland.com/news-media/press-releases/linkedin-establishment-of/
  13. Levy, Ari (July 28, 2010). "Tiger Global Said to Invest in LinkedIn at $2 billion Valuation". Bloomberg L.P.. Archived from the original on December 29, 2011. https://web.archive.org/web/20111229160800/http://www.bloomberg.com/news/2010-07-27/linkedin-valued-at-more-than-2-billion-after-investment-by-tiger-global.html. Retrieved May 16, 2013. 
  14. Hardy, Quentin (August 4, 2010). "LinkedIn Hooks Up". Forbes. Archived from the original on August 5, 2010. https://web.archive.org/web/20100805092334/http://www.forbes.com/2010/08/03/social-network-mspoke-technology-linkedin.html. Retrieved August 5, 2010. 
  15. "Does local beat global in the professional-networking business?". The Economist. November 19, 2009. Archived from the original on November 28, 2009. https://web.archive.org/web/20091128114741/http://www.economist.com/node/14931599. Retrieved August 5, 2010. 
  16. Fusfeld, Adam (September 23, 2010). "2010 Digital 100 Companies 1–100". Archived from the original on December 13, 2010. https://web.archive.org/web/20101213054153/http://www.businessinsider.com/2010-digital-100-companies-1-100. Retrieved December 17, 2010. 
  17. Demos, Telis; Menn, Joseph (January 27, 2011). "LinkedIn looks for boost with IPO". Financial Times. http://www.ft.com/cms/s/0/59e47ba4-2a54-11e0-b906-00144feab49a.html. Retrieved January 28, 2011. (registration required)
  18. "Social Network Ads: LinkedIn Falls Behind Twitter; Facebook Biggest of All" . Lunden, Ingrid January 31, 2012. http://paidcontent.org/article/419-social-network-ads-linkedin-falls-behind-twitter-facebook-biggest-of-al/
  19. "Stocks to Watch: Nuance Communications, LinkedIn, Merck and More". Thomson Maya and Pope-Chappell Maya February 13, 2012. https://blogs.wsj.com/marketbeat/2012/02/10/stocks-to-watch-nuance-communications-linkedin-merck-and-more/?mod=google_news_blog
  20. "About Us – LinkedIn". LinkedIn. https://press.linkedin.com/about-linkedin. Retrieved June 13, 2016. 
  21. "LinkedIn Expands into San Francisco". January 16, 2012. Sankin, Aaron. http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2012/01/12/linkedin-san-francisco_n_1202500.html
  22. "LinkedIn leases 26-story S.F. skyscraper". SFGate. April 23, 2014. http://www.sfgate.com/technology/article/LinkedIn-leases-skyscraper-under-construction-in-5422501.php. Retrieved October 17, 2014. 
  23. "LinkedIn Beats The Street, Q1 Revenue Up 101 Percent To $188.5M; Net Income Up 140 Percent". May 4, 2012. Rao, Leena. https://techcrunch.com/2012/05/03/linkedin-beats-the-street-q1-revenue-up-101-percent-to-188-5m-net-income-up-140-percent/
  24. B (2012-11-01). "LinkedIn Now Has 187 Million Members". Mashable.com. http://mashable.com/2012/11/01/linkedin-has-187-million-users/. Retrieved 2015-10-06. 
  25. Luc Cohen (February 8, 2016). "CEOs, venture backers lose big as LinkedIn, Tableau shares tumble". Reuters. https://www.reuters.com/article/us-tech-stocks-lnkin-corp-tableau-softwa-idUSKCN0VH082. 
  26. Rosenfeld, Everett (February 5, 2016). "LinkedIn skids 40%, erases $10B in market cap". https://www.cnbc.com/2016/02/04/linkedin-reports-q4-earnings.html. Retrieved June 10, 2016. 
  27. Greene, Jay; Steele, Anne (June 13, 2016). "Microsoft to Acquire LinkedIn for $26.2 Billion". Wall Street Journal. https://www.wsj.com/articles/microsoft-to-acquire-linkedin-in-deal-valued-at-26-2-billion-1465821523. Retrieved June 13, 2016. 
  28. Ciara O'Brien (2016-11-29). "LinkedIn to add 200 jobs at its EMEA HQ in Dublin". Irishtimes.com. http://www.irishtimes.com/business/technology/linkedin-to-add-200-jobs-at-its-emea-hq-in-dublin-1.2885573. Retrieved 2017-02-15. 
  29. Digg Sold To LinkedIn AND The Washington Post And Betaworks, TechCrunch.com, July, 2012 https://techcrunch.com/2012/07/12/digg-sold-to-linkedin-and-the-washington-post-and-betaworks/
  30. "SEC S/1 Filing". SEC. 2011-11-03. http://investors.linkedin.com/secfiling.cfm?filingID=1193125-11-295272&CIK=1271024. Retrieved 2011-11-03. 
  31. Schwartzel, Erich (2010-08-04). "CMU startup mSpoke acquired by LinkedIn". post-gazette. http://www.post-gazette.com/stories/local/breaking/cmu-startup-mspoke-acquired-by-linkedin-258019/. Retrieved 2010-08-04. 
  32. "How Much Did LinkedIn Pay for ChoiceVendor". Quora. 2010-09-23. http://Quora.com/How-much-did-LinkedIn-pay-for-ChoiceVendor. Retrieved 2011-03-11. 
  33. "LinkedIn acquires ChoiceVendor". BusinessWire. 2010-09-23. http://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20100923005446/en/LinkedIn-Acquires-ChoiceVendor. Retrieved 2016-11-23. 
  34. "LinkedIn S1 Filing". SEC. 2011-01-26. https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1271024/000119312511016022/ds1.htm. Retrieved 2012-02-24. 
  35. Geron, Tomio (2011-10-05). "LinkedIn Acquires Social CRM Company Connected". Forbes. https://www.forbes.com/sites/tomiogeron/2011/10/05/linkedin-acquires-social-crm-company-connected/. Retrieved 2011-10-05. 
  36. "LinkedIn Buys Real-Time, Hosted Search Startup IndexTank". TechCrunch. 2011-10-11. https://techcrunch.com/2011/10/11/linkedin-buys-real-time-hosted-search-startup-indextank/. Retrieved 2011-10-11. 
  37. "Rapportive Announces Acquisition By LinkedIn". TechCrunch. 2012-02-12. https://techcrunch.com/2012/02/22/rapportive-linkedin-acquisition/. Retrieved 2012-02-12. 
  38. "LinkedIn acquires Rapportive Gmail Contact plugin". eweek. 2012-02-24. http://www.eweek.com/c/a/Messaging-and-Collaboration/LinkedIn-Buys-Rapportive-Gmail-Contact-Plugin-208870/. Retrieved 2012-02-24. 
  39. "LinkedIn Is Buying SlideShare for $119 Million". Business Insider. 2012-05-03. http://www.businessinsider.com/linkedin-is-buying-slideshare-2012-5?op=1. Retrieved 2013-02-18. 
  40. "LinkedIn Acquires Pulse For $90M In Stock And Cash". TechCrunch. 2013-04-11. https://techcrunch.com/2013/04/11/linkedin-acquires-pulse-for-90m-in-stock-and-cash/. Retrieved 2013-04-11. 
  41. "LinkedIn makes its biggest acquisition by paying $120m for job matching service Bright". TNW. 2014-02-06. https://thenextweb.com/insider/2014/02/06/linkedin-makes-biggest-acquisition-paying-120m-job-matching-service-bright/. Retrieved 2014-04-20. 
  42. "LinkedIn Acquires Start-Up Newsle". 2014-07-14. https://dealbook.nytimes.com/2014/07/14/linkedin-acquires-start-up-newsle/. Retrieved 2014-07-23. 
  43. Gelles, David (July 22, 2014). "LinkedIn Makes Another Deal, Buying Bizo". The New York Times. https://dealbook.nytimes.com/2014/07/22/linkedin-does-another-deal-buying-bizo/?_php=true&_type=blogs&_r=0. Retrieved 2015-01-14. 
  44. Lunden, Ingrid (March 16, 2016). "LinkedIn Buys Careerify to Build out its Recruitment Business". Tech Crunch. https://techcrunch.com/2015/03/16/linkedin-buys-carreerify-to-build-out-its-recruitment-business/#.qtfu3r:9tCt. Retrieved 2015-03-16. 
  45. Ingrid, Lunden (2015-04-02). "LinkedIn Buys Refresh.io To Add Predictive Insights To Its Products". https://techcrunch.com/2015/04/02/linkedin-buys-refresh-io-to-add-more-predictive-insights-to-its-products/. Retrieved 2015-04-06. 
  46. "LinkedIn just bought online learning company Lynda for $1.5 billion". Business Insider. 2015-04-09. http://www.businessinsider.com/linkedin-buys-lyndacom-for-15-billion-2015-4?IR=T. Retrieved 2015-04-09. 
  47. KOSOFF, MAYA (2015-04-09). "LinkedIn just bought online learning company Lynda for $1.5 billion". http://www.businessinsider.com/linkedin-buys-lyndacom-for-15-billion-2015-4?IR=T. Retrieved 2015-04-09. 
  48. "LinkedIn acquires predictive marketing firm Fliptop to boost its Sales Solutions offering". https://venturebeat.com/2015/08/28/linkedin-acquires-predictive-marketing-firm-fliptop-to-boost-its-sales-solution-offering/. 
  49. "LinkedIn acquires recruiting startup Connectifier". https://venturebeat.com/2016/02/04/linkedin-acquires-recruiting-startup-connectifier/. 
  50. "LinkedIn buys PointDrive to boost its social sales platform with sharing". https://techcrunch.com/2016/07/26/linkedin-buys-pointdrive-to-boost-its-social-sales-platform-with-sharing/. 
  51. "PacerMonitor Document View – 5:13-cv-04303 – Perkins et al v. LinkedIn Corporation, Docket Item 1". Pacermonitor.com. 2013-09-17. http://www.pacermonitor.com/view/XKUTHYA/Perkins_et_al_v_LinkedIn_Corporation__candce-13-04303__0001.0.pdf. Retrieved 2015-10-06. 
  52. "LinkedIn settles class-action lawsuit – Business Insider". Business Insider. October 2, 2015. http://www.businessinsider.com/linkedin-settles-class-action-lawsuit-2015-10. Retrieved October 3, 2015. 
  53. UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT, NORTHERN DISTRICT OF CALIFORNIA SAN JOSE DIVISION (September 17, 2013). "Preliminary Approval Order". GILARDI & CO LLC. http://www.addconnectionssettlement.com/media/382718/preliminary_approval_order.pdf. 
  54. Rynne, Alexandra (February 1, 2017). "10 Surprising Stats You Didn’t Know about Marketing on LinkedIn" (in en-us). https://business.linkedin.com/marketing-solutions/blog/linkedin-b2b-marketing/2017/10-surprising-stats-you-didnt-know-about-marketing-on-linkedin. 
  55. "400 Million Members!". LinkedIn. October 29, 2015. http://blog.linkedin.com/2015/10/29/400-million-members/. Retrieved October 29, 2015. 
  56. "Now at 50 m users, LinkedIn rival Viadeo acquires French startup Pealk and announces US innovation lab". January 14, 2013. https://thenextweb.com/insider/2013/01/14/pealk-viadeo/. 
  57. "XING AG". Archived from the original on August 3, 2016. https://web.archive.org/web/20160803210856/https://corporate.xing.com/no_cache/english/company/xing-ag/. 
  58. "LinkedIn now adding two members every second". TechCrunch.com. https://techcrunch.com/2011/08/04/linkedin-now-adding-two-new-members-every-second. Retrieved October 31, 2011. 
  59. "LinkedIn Members 2018". [1]. https://linkedinsiders.wordpress.com/2018/01/02/linkedin-mitglieder-2018-deutschland-europa-und-welt/. Retrieved January 22, 2018. 
  60. "Account Restricted | LinkedIn Help Center". Help.linkedin.com. 2013-12-20. https://help.linkedin.com/app/answers/detail/a_id/1386. Retrieved 2015-10-06. 
  61. Spiegel, Linda (June 1, 2016). "How Job Hunters Should Use LinkedIn Second-Degree Connections". The Wall Street Journal. https://blogs.wsj.com/experts/2016/06/01/how-job-hunters-should-use-linkedin-second-degree-connections/. Retrieved June 27, 2016. 
  62. "Introducing LinkedIn Video: Show Your Experience and Perspective" (in en-us). https://blog.linkedin.com/2017/august/22/Introducing-LinkedIn-Video-Show-Your-Experience-and-Perspective. 
  63. "LinkedIn Just Launched Some Snapchat-Like Features for Video Creators" (in en-US). http://www.adweek.com/digital/linkedin-just-launched-some-snapchat-like-features-for-video-creators/. 
  64. "Linkedin Publishing". https://www.linkedin.com/post/new. 
  65. "EU Data Transfers | LinkedIn Help" (in en). https://www.linkedin.com/help/linkedin/answer/62533/eu-data-transfers?lang=en. 
  66. "LinkedIn Confirms Account Passwords Hacked". PC World.com. June 6, 2012. http://www.pcworld.com/article/257045/update_linkedin_confirms_account_passwords_hacked.html. Retrieved June 6, 2012. 
  67. Finkle, Jim and Jennifer Saba (June 6, 2012). "LinkedIn suffers data breach". Reuters. https://www.reuters.com/article/2012/06/06/linkedin-breach-idINL1E8H6CBC20120606. Retrieved June 7, 2012. 
  68. "LinkedIn Just Added Two-Factor Authentication, So Enable It Now". Lifehacker.com. 2013-05-31. http://lifehacker.com/linkedin-just-added-two-factor-authentication-so-enabl-510680312. Retrieved 2015-10-06. 
  69. "LinkedIn resetting passwords after 117 million user credentials stolen". MashableUK. http://mashable.com/2016/05/18/linkedin-hack//. Retrieved 2016-05-19. 
  70. "The biggest email provider you've never heard of". Fortune.com. http://fortune.com/2014/10/06/message-systems-email-provider/. Retrieved 2015-10-06. 
  71. Intelligence, Dell SecureWorks Counter Threat Unit Threat. "Suspected Hacker Group Creates Network of Fake LinkedIn Profiles" (in en). https://www.secureworks.com/research/suspected-iran-based-hacker-group-creates-network-of-fake-linkedin-profiles. 
  72. Terms of Use, LinkedIn, February 12, 2015 https://developer.linkedin.com/legal/api-terms-of-use
  73. https://developer.linkedin.com/
  74. Facebook in a Suit: LinkedIn Launches Applications Platform , Business Week, October 28, 2008 http://www.businessweek.com/the_thread/techbeat/archives/2008/10/linkedin_launch.html
  75. "LinkedIn Adopts 'Recommend' Over 'Like'", Clickz.com, November 2, 2010 http://www.clickz.com/clickz/news/1866328/linkedin-adopts-recommend
  76. What happened to Amazon reading list..., Quora, January 08, 2013 https://www.quora.com/What-happened-to-Amazon-reading-list-on-LinkedIn-and-how-do-I-get-my-data-back
  77. "Social-networking site LinkedIN introduces mobile version". tweakers.net. http://life.tweakers.net/nieuws/52094/social-networkingsite-linkedin-introduceert-mobiele-versie.html. Retrieved February 25, 2008. 
  78. CardMunch acquired by LinkedIn, shoutEx.com Feb 2011 http://shoutex.com/blog/cardmunch-iphone-app-for-business-users/
  79. Geron, Tomio (August 16, 2011). "LinkedIn Revamps iPhone, Android Apps, Launches HTML5 App". Article. https://blogs.forbes.com/tomiogeron/?p=2930. Retrieved August 17, 2011. 
  80. "Announcement". Engineering.linkedin.com. 2013-10-23. http://engineering.linkedin.com/mobile/linkedin-intro-doing-impossible-ios. Retrieved 2013-12-05. 
  81. Fox, Bishop (2013-10-23). "LinkedIn 'Intro'duces Insecurity". Bishop Fox. http://www.bishopfox.com/blog/2013/10/linkedin-intro/. Retrieved 2015-10-06. 
  82. Fox, Bishop (2013-11-01). "An Introspection On Intro Security". Bishop Fox. http://www.bishopfox.com/blog/2013/11/introspection-intro-security/. Retrieved 2015-10-06. 
  83. "Groups Directory". LinkedIn. http://www.linkedin.com/groupsDirectory?results=&pplSearchOrigin=GLHD&keywords=. Retrieved December 8, 2011. 
  84. "World's Largest LinkedIn Group Breaks The 700,000 Member mark". i-newswire.com. http://www.i-newswire.com/world-s-largest-linkedin-group/160028. Retrieved February 28, 2012. 
  85. "How to Avoid LinkedIn's Site Wide Automatic Moderation (SWAM)". http://socialmediatoday.com/mark-lerner/2070731/how-avoid-linkedin-s-site-wide-automatic-moderation. Retrieved October 17, 2014. 
  86. Lerner, Mark. "How To Avoid LinkedIn's Site Wide Automatic Moderation". Oktopost. http://blog.oktopost.com/how-to-avoid-linkedin-swam-site-wide-automatic-moderation/. Retrieved 24 March 2014. 
  87. "Groups". LinkedIn Corporation. http://learn.linkedin.com/groups/. Retrieved March 26, 2012. 
  88. Wasserman, Todd (December 14, 2011). "LinkedIn polling". http://mashable.com/2011/12/14/linkedin-polling/. 
  89. Pinkovezky, Aviad (November 19, 2013). "Announcing LinkedIn Showcase Pages". http://blog.linkedin.com/2013/11/19/announcing-linkedin-showcase-pages/. 
  90. Everett, Paul (August 6, 2014). "LinkedIn Company Product & Services pages being discontinued". https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/article/20140323193253-22326369-linkedin-company-product-services-pages-being-discontinued. 
  91. Levin, Valerie (June 29, 2014). "Crash Course: LinkedIn Showcase Pages 101". http://blog.oktopost.com/crash-course-linkedin-showcase-pages-101. 
  92. Colleen Taylor, GigaOm. "LinkedIn launches job application plugin." July 25, 2011. Retrieved July 25, 2011. http://gigaom.com/2011/07/25/apply-with-linkedin-button-launches/
  93. Arnie Fertig. "6 Ways Recruiters Use LinkedIn to Headhunt". US News & World Report. http://money.usnews.com/money/blogs/outside-voices-careers/2013/07/16/6-ways-recruiters-use-linkedin-to-headhunt. Retrieved July 3, 2015. 
  94. "What endorsements mean". NetworkComputing. http://www.networkcomputing.com/networking/what-linkedin-endorsements-mean-to-you/a/d-id/1106795. Retrieved 29 April 2014. 
  95. Taub, Eric A. (December 4, 2013). "The Path to Happy Employment, Contact by Contact on LinkedIn". The New York Times. https://www.nytimes.com/2013/12/05/technology/personaltech/the-path-to-happy-employment-contact-by-contact-on-linkedin.html. 
  96. By Ingrid Lunden, TechCrunch. ""Who's Viewed Your Posts?" LinkedIn Adds Analytics To Its Publishing Platform." May 7, 2015. May 7, 2015. https://techcrunch.com/2015/05/07/whos-viewed-your-posts-linkedin-adds-analytics-to-its-publishing-platform/#.mc8jwf:keEb
  97. "Will LinkedIn Address the Influencer Program's Gender Lopsidedness?", LinkedIn Pulse, 14 June 2016. Retrieved on 28 June 2016. https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/linkedin-microsoft-address-influencer-programs-gender-lee-bob-black?/
  98. Rao, Leena. "LinkedIn Allows You To Follow Key Influencers On The Network; Will Eventually Make Feature Universal", TechCrunch, San Francisco, 2 October 2012. Retrieved on 19 July 2013. https://techcrunch.com/2012/10/02/linkedin-allows-you-to-follow-key-influencers-on-the-network-will-eventually-make-feature-universal/
  99. Kaufman, Leslie. "LinkedIn Builds Its Publishing Presence", The New York Times , New York,16 June 2013. Retrieved on 19 July 2013. https://www.nytimes.com/2013/06/17/technology/sharing-business-insights-linkedin-builds-its-publishing-presence.html?_r=0
  100. Roth, Daniel (March 21, 2018). "LinkedIn Top Companies 2018: Where the U.S. wants to work now". https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/linkedin-top-companies-2018-where-us-wants-work-now-daniel-roth/. 
  101. "LinkedIn Direct Ads vs Google Adwords". Shoutex.com. http://shoutex.com/blog/linkedin-directads-google-adwords-ppc-1/. Retrieved 2015-10-06. 
  102. LinkedIn's promising new revenue model: sending you surveys. By: Neff, Jack, Advertising Age, 00018899, 10/27/2008, Vol. 79, Issue 40. Database: Business Source Complete
  103. "LinkedIn Expands Ad Program With Launch Of Sponsored Updates Program". Techcruch.com. https://techcrunch.com/2013/07/23/linkedin-sponsored-updates/. Retrieved 2015-10-06. 
  104. Steve Kovach Nov. 27, 2012 Jeff Weiner Just Revealed A Surprising Long-Term Vision For LinkedIn Business Insider http://www.businessinsider.com/linkedin-ceo-heres-what-linkedin-will-look-like-in-five-years-2012-11
  105. Rachel King September 9, 2013 LinkedIn's long-term plan? Build the 'world's first economic graph,' says CEO ZDNet's Between the Lines https://www.zdnet.com/linkedins-long-term-plan-build-the-worlds-first-economic-graph-says-ceo-7000020419/
  106. Tomio Geron September 9, 2013. Jeff Weiner: LinkedIn Is Building A Massive Global 'Economic Graph' Forbes https://www.forbes.com/sites/tomiogeron/2013/09/09/jeff-weiner-linkedin-is-building-a-massive-global-economic-graph/
  107. Ingrid Lunden Jan 15, 2014 LinkedIn Expands Its Jobs Database With A New Volunteer Marketplace For Unpaid Non-Profit Work TechCrunch https://techcrunch.com/2014/01/15/linkedin-launches-a-volunteer-marketplace-to-extend-its-job-hunting-platform-to-free-work/
  108. Bill Chappell August 19, 2013 University Pages: LinkedIn Launches New College Profiles NPR's the two-way https://www.npr.org/blogs/thetwo-way/2013/08/19/213450212/university-pages-linkedin-launches-new-college-profiles
  109. Harrison Weber June 5, 2014 LinkedIn launches ‘Galene’ search architecture to build the first ‘economic graph’ VentureBeat https://venturebeat.com/2014/06/05/linkedin-launches-galene-search-architecture-to-build-the-first-economic-graph/
  110. Rachel King June 5, 2014 LinkedIn plans to reinvent search in order to map its economic graph ZDNet's Between the Lines https://www.zdnet.com/linkedin-plans-to-reinvent-search-in-order-to-map-its-economic-graph-7000030171/
  111. "The most attractive cities worldwide for new graduates – Quartz". Qz.com. 2014-06-04. http://qz.com/216560/the-most-attractive-cities-worldwide-for-new-graduates/. Retrieved 2015-10-06. 
  112. "Where Is the Top City to Spot Tech Talent?". Blogs.wsj.com. 2014-06-24. https://blogs.wsj.com/digits/2014/06/24/where-is-the-top-city-to-spot-tech-talent/. Retrieved 2015-10-06. 
  113. "Oh, the Places You’ll Go! (Or Not.)". Blogs.wsj.com. 2014-12-08. https://blogs.wsj.com/atwork/2014/12/08/how-to-predict-your-next-job/. Retrieved 2015-10-06. 
  114. "LinkedIn Economic Graph Research: Helping New Yorkers Connect With The Jobs Of Tomorrow [INFOGRAPHIC"]. http://blog.linkedin.com/2015/02/12/linkedin-economic-graph-research-helping-new-yorkers-connect-with-the-jobs-of-tomorrow-infographic/. Retrieved July 3, 2015. 
  115. LinkedIn Corporate Communications Team for LinkedIn Newsroom. Jan. 19, 2017 Introducing the New LinkedIn Desktop https://press.linkedin.com/site-resources/news-releases/2017/introducing-the-new-linkedin-desktop
  116. "Filtering and Tagging Connections Feature – No Longer Available". February 2, 2017. https://www.linkedin.com/help/linkedin/answer/72331?lang=en. 
  117. Zubair Abbas Why #IMissOldLinkedIn and LinkedIn's Reaction on It, LinkedIn Pulse February 8, 2017 https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/why-imissoldlinkedin-linkedins-reaction-zubair-abbas
  118. Wasserman, Todd (Jan 17, 2013). "LinkedIn will pull the plug on LinkedIn Answers, its Quora-like Q&A service, on Jan. 31". Mashable. http://mashable.com/2013/01/17/rip-linkedin-answers/. 
  119. "LinkedIn Is Quietly Retiring Network Visualization Tool InMaps". https://techcrunch.com/2014/09/01/linkedin-is-quietly-retiring-network-visualization-tool-inmaps/. Retrieved 27 November 2017. 
  120. Niu, Evan (May 20, 2015). "This Company Has The Best Business Model in Social Media". The Motley Fool. http://www.fool.com/investing/general/2015/05/20/this-company-has-the-best-business-model-in-social.aspx. Retrieved June 13, 2016. 
  121. "Five Benefits of LinkedIn for Organizations (and IT Pros) | TechRepublic." Web. May 9, 2011.
  122. "LinkedIn.com, a business-orientated networking site, can be an ideal way for professionals to present an online profile of themselves ... Unlike social networking sites, [with] LinkedIn you're outlining all your credentials; presenting the professional rather than the personal you. Considering the sheer vastness of the digital space, the potential for building up a solid base of contacts and fostering new business relationships is boundless." O'Sullivan, James (2011), "Make the most of the networking tools that are available", Evening Echo, May 9, 2011. Pg 32. Note that the Evening Echo is located close to the European headquarters of LinkedIn
  123. Foss, Jenny (July 6, 2012). "Your LinkedIn Intervention: 5 Changes You Must Make". Forbes. https://www.forbes.com/sites/dailymuse/2012/07/06/your-linkedin-intervention-5-changes-you-must-make/. 
  124. LinkedIn sued over 'hacking' address books to send spam marketing emails, Daily Mail http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-2432433/LinkedIn-sued-hacking-address-books-send-spam-marketing-emails.html
  125. LinkedIn to face lawsuit for spamming users' email address books, BetaNews http://betanews.com/2014/06/15/linkedin-to-face-lawsuit-for-spamming-users-email-address-books/
  126. LinkedIn is "breaking into" user emails, spamming contacts – lawsuit, Gigaom.com http://gigaom.com/2013/09/21/linkedin-is-breaking-into-user-emails-spamming-contacts-lawsuit/
  127. "Judge Rejects LinkedIn's Free-Speech Argument In Battle Over Email Invitations". http://www.mediapost.com/publications/article/238275/judge-rejects-linkedins-free-speech-argument-in-b.html?. Retrieved July 3, 2015. 
  128. "How LinkedIn can thwart your job search". Forbes. https://www.forbes.com/sites/nextavenue/2014/01/21/how-linkedin-is-thwarting-your-job-search/. Retrieved 29 April 2014. 
  129. "All you need to know about endorsements". Forbes. https://www.forbes.com/sites/susanadams/2013/12/24/everything-you-need-to-know-about-linkedin-endorsements-2/. Retrieved 29 April 2014. 
  130. "LinkedIn is making its endorsements feature a lot smarter to help people find jobs" (in en). Business Insider. http://www.businessinsider.com/linkedin-upgrades-skill-endorsements-2016-10. 
  131. MacArthur, Kate. "Shiftgig hires LinkedIn vice president as new CEO" (in en-US). chicagotribune.com. http://www.chicagotribune.com/bluesky/originals/ct-bsi-shiftgig-new-ceo-20170918-story.html. 
  132. "Syria: Linkedin Kicks Off Syrian Users!". Global Voices Advocacy. April 18, 2009. http://advocacy.globalvoicesonline.org/2009/04/18/syria-linkedin-kicks-off-syrian-users/. Retrieved April 30, 2010. 
  133. Ungerleider, Neal (February 25, 2011). "China blocks access to LinkedIn". Fast Company. http://www.cnn.com/2011/TECH/social.media/02/25/china.blocks.linkedin.fastco/index.html?iref=NS1. Retrieved February 25, 2011. 
  134. Baker, Liana (February 25, 2011). "LinkedIn website working again in China". Reuters. https://www.reuters.com/article/2011/02/25/us-linkedin-idUSTRE71O5VY20110225. 
  135. Oreskovic, Alexei (25 Feb 2014). "LinkedIn jumpstarts China expansion with Chinese language site". Reuters. https://www.reuters.com/article/2014/02/25/us-linkedin-china-idUSBREA1O00620140225. Retrieved 29 March 2014. 
  136. "专业社交网站LinkedIn推出中文版". BBC Chinese. 25 February 2014. http://www.bbc.co.uk/zhongwen/simp/world/2014/02/140225_linkedin_china.shtml. Retrieved 29 March 2014. 
  137. Jeff Weiner (24 February 2014). "LinkedIn in China: Connecting the World's Professionals". Linkedin official blog. http://www.linkedin.com/today/post/article/20140224235450-22330283-linkedin-in-china-connecting-the-world-s-professionals. Retrieved 29 March 2014. 
  138. "No Job Postings for China on LinkedIn anymore". Stephan Koß. November 10, 2017. https://linkedinsiders.wordpress.com/2017/11/10/keine-stellenanzeigen-mehr-fuer-china-auf-linkedin/. Retrieved January 22, 2018. 
  139. "Russia is erasing Linkedin from app stores". Vox Media. https://www.theverge.com/2017/1/6/14197030/russia-linkedin-blocked-app-store-ios-android. Retrieved 7 January 2017. 
  140. "Moscow Court Upholds Decision to Ban LinkedIn in Russia". https://themoscowtimes.com/news/moscow-court-upholds-decision-to-ban-linkedin-in-russia-56086. Retrieved 10 November 2016. 
  141. "SNA-projects.com". SNA-projects.com. August 11, 2011. http://sna-projects.com/. Retrieved December 8, 2011. 
  142. "Project-voldemort.com". Project-voldemort.com. Archived from the original on April 23, 2011. https://web.archive.org/web/20110423183102/http://project-voldemort.com/. Retrieved December 8, 2011. 
  143. "NSA Infected 50,000 Computer Networks for Surveillance". SecurityWeek Network. http://www.securityweek.com/nsa-infected-50000-computer-networks-surveillance. Retrieved November 25, 2013. 
  144. LinkedIn argues it has free speech right to email Mediapost.com in 19 September 2014. http://www.mediapost.com/publications/article/234555/linkedin-argues-it-has-free-speech-right-to-email.html
  145. LinkedIn 'Credit Reports' Give Job Seekers Trouble Courthouse News Service in 13 October 2014. https://web.archive.org/web/20141016201936/http://www.courthousenews.com/2014/10/13/72394.htm
  146. LinkedIn illegally sold your professional data lawsuit claims News Mic in 13 October 2014. http://mic.com/articles/101236/linked-in-illegally-sold-your-professional-data-lawsuit-claims
  147. LinkedIns new mobile app called a dream for attackers New York Times in 24 October 2013. http://bits.blogs.nytimes.com/2013/10/24/linkedins-new-mobile-app-called-a-dream-for-attackers/
  148. LinkedIn liest Ihre Mails mit PC-Welt in 28 October 2013. http://www.pcwelt.de/news/LinkedIn_liest_Ihre_E-Mails_mit-Intro-8281685.html
  149. Stiftung Warentest kritisiert Facebook, LinkedIn und Myspace golem.de (German) in 3 March 2018. http://www.golem.de/1003/74091.html
  150. Soziale Netzwerke: Datenschutz oft mangelhaft Stiftung Warentest (German) in 24 March 2014. https://www.test.de/Soziale-Netzwerke-Datenschutz-oft-mangelhaft-1854798-0/?mc=kurzurl.netzwerke
  151. "Russland blockiert LinkedIn" (in German). 2016-11-17. http://www.spiegel.de/karriere/linkedin-wird-in-russland-gesperrt-a-1121723.html. Retrieved 2018-03-03. 
  152. Andreas Wilkens (2016-11-17). "Russland blockiert Linkedin" (in German). http://www.heise.de/newsticker/meldung/Russland-blockiert-Linkedin-3490326.html. Retrieved 2018-03-03. 
More
©Text is available under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons-Attribution ShareAlike (CC BY-SA) license; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the Terms and Conditions and Privacy Policy.
This entry is offline, you can click here to edit this entry!
Video Production Service
Feedback