1. History

1.1. MSN Search

MSN Search homepage in 2002. https://handwiki.org/wiki/index.php?curid=1699051

Microsoft originally launche. https://handwiki.org/wiki/index.php?curid=1202709 

MSN Search in the third quarter of 1998, using search results from Inktomi. It consisted of a search engine, index, and web crawler. In early 1999, MSN Search launched a version which displayed listings from Looksmart blended with results from Inktomi except for a short time in 1999 when results from AltaVista were used instead. Microsoft decided to make a large investment in web search by building its own web crawler for MSN Search, the index of which was updated weekly and sometimes daily. The upgrade started as a beta program in November 2004, and came out of beta in February 2005.^[1] This occurred a year after rival Yahoo! Search rolled out its own crawler too. Image search was powered by a third party, Picsearch. The service also started providing its search results to other search engine portals in an effort to better compete in the market.

1.2. Windows Live Search

The first public beta of Windows Live Search was unveiled on March 8, 2006, with the final release on September 11, 2006 replacing MSN Search. The new search engine used search tabs that include Web, news, images, music, desktop, local, and Microsoft Encarta.

In the roll-over from MSN Search to Windows Live Search, Microsoft stopped using Picsearch as their image search provider and started performing their own image search, fueled by their own internal image search algorithms.^[2]

1.3. Live Search

On March 21, 2007, Microsoft announced that it would separate its search developments from the Windows Live services family, rebranding the service as Live Search. Live Search was integrated into the Live Search and Ad Platform headed by Satya Nadella, part of Microsoft's Platform and Systems division. As part of this change, Live Search was merged with Microsoft adCenter.^[3]

A series of reorganisations and consolidations of Microsoft's search offerings were made under the Live Search branding. On May 23, 2008, Microsoft announced the discontinuation of Live Search Books and Live Search Academic and integrated all academic and book search results into regular search, and as a result this also included the closure of Live Search Books Publisher Program. Soon after, Windows Live Expo was discontinued on July 31, 2008. Live Search Macros, a service for users to create their own custom search engines or use macros created by other users, was also discontinued shortly after. On May 15, 2009, Live Product Upload, a service which allowed merchants to upload products information onto Live Search Products, was discontinued. The final reorganisation came as Live Search QnA was rebranded as MSN QnA on February 18, 2009, however, it was subsequently discontinued on May 21, 2009.^[4]

1.4. Rebrand as Bing

Microsoft recognised that there would be a problem with branding as long as the word "Live" remained in the name.^[5] As an effort to create a new identity for Microsoft's search services, Live Search was officially replaced by Bing on June 3, 2009.^[6]

The Bing name was chosen through focus groups, and Microsoft decided that the name was memorable, short, easy to spell, and that it would function well as a URL around the world. The word would remind people of the sound made during "the moment of discovery and decision making."^[7] Microsoft was assisted by branding consultancy Interbrand in their search for the best name for the new search engine.^[8] The name also has strong similarity to the word 'bingo', which is used to mean that something sought has been found or realized, as is interjected when winning the game Bingo. Microsoft advertising strategist David Webster originally proposed the name "Bang" for the same reasons the name Bing was ultimately chosen (easy to spell, one syllable, and easy to remember). He noted, "It's there, it's an exclamation point [...] It's the opposite of a question mark." This name was ultimately not chosen because it could not be properly used as a verb in the context of an internet search; Webster commented "Oh, 'I banged it' is very different than 'I binged it'".^[9]

According to The Guardian "[Microsoft] hasn't confirmed that it stands recursively for Bing Is Not Google, but that's the sort of joke software engineers enjoy."^[10] Qi Lu, president of Microsoft Online Services, also announced that Bing's official Chinese name is bì yìng (simplified Chinese: 必应; traditional Chinese: 必應), which literally means "very certain to respond" or "very certain to answer" in Chinese.^[11]

While being tested internally by Microsoft employees, Bing's codename was Kumo (くも),^[12] which came from the Japanese word for spider (蜘蛛; くも, kumo) as well as cloud (雲; くも, kumo), referring to the manner in which search engines "spider" Internet resources to add them to their database, as well as cloud computing.

1.5. Legal Challenges

On July 31, 2009, The Laptop Company, Inc. stated in a press release that it would challenge Bing's trademark application, alleging that Bing may cause confusion in the marketplace as Bing and their product BongoBing both do online product search.^[13] Software company TeraByte Unlimited, which has a product called BootIt Next Generation (abbreviated to BING), also contended the trademark application on similar grounds, as did a Missouri-based design company called Bing! Information Design.^[14]

Microsoft contended that claims challenging its trademark were without merit because these companies filed for U.S. federal trademark applications only after Microsoft filed for the Bing trademark in March 2009.^[15]

1.6. Yahoo! Search Deal

On July 29, 2009, Microsoft and Yahoo! announced that they had made a ten-year deal in which the Yahoo! search engine would be replaced by Bing, retaining the Yahoo! user interface. Yahoo! will get to keep 88% of the revenue from all search ad sales on its site for the first five years of the deal, and have the right to sell advertising on some Microsoft sites.^[16][17] All Yahoo! Search global customers and partners made the transition by early 2012.^[18]

2. Features

2.1. Interface Features

• A background image that changes daily. The images are mostly of locations around the world, though it sometimes displays animals, people, and sports. The background image also contains information about the element(s) shown in the image
• Video homepage for HTML5 enabled browsers on occasional events, similar to the daily background images
• Images page shows the main picture from that day and four searches that refers to that image with three preview pictures per search term
• Left side navigation pane. Includes navigation and, on results pages, related searches and prior searches
• Right side extended preview which shows a bigger view of the page and gives URLs to links inside of the page
• Sublinks – On certain search results, the search result page also shows section links within the article (this is also done on other search engines, including Google)
• Enhanced view where third party site information can be viewed inside Bing
• On certain sites, search from within the website on the results page
• On certain sites, Bing will display the Customer Service number on the results page
• Access to MSN, Office Online, and Outlook.com, straight from the homepage

2.2. Media Features

• Video thumbnail Preview – where, by hovering over a video thumbnail, the video automatically starts playing
• Image search with continuous scrolling images results page that has adjustable settings for size, layout, color, style, and people^[19]
• Advanced filters or advanced (query) operators – allow users to refine search results based on properties such as image size, aspect ratio, color or black and white, photo or illustration, and facial features recognition
• Video search with adjustable setting for length, screen size, resolution, and source

2.3. Instant Answers

• Sports – Bing can directly display scores from a specific day, recent scores from a league or scores and statistics on teams or players.
• Finance – When entering a company name or stock symbol and either stock or quote in the search box Bing will show direct stock information like a stockchart, price, volume, and p/e ratio^[20] in a webslice that users can subscribe to.
• Conversion of units (e.g., 1 oz in tbs, 1 cup in oz)
• Mathematical calculations – (e.g., 2 *pi *24).^[21] Users can enter mathematical expressions in the search box using a variety of operators and trigonometric functions^[22] and Bing will provide a direct calculation of the expression.
• Advanced computations – Using the Wolfram Alpha computational engine, Bing can also give results to advanced mathematical problems (e.g. "lim x/2x as x->2") and other Wolfram Alpha-related queries (e.g., asking the number of calories in a typical pizza).
• Package tracking and tracing – When a user types the name of the shipping company and the tracking number, Bing will provide direct tracking information
• Dictionary – When "define", "definition", or "what is" followed by a word is entered in the searchbox Bing will show a direct answer from the Oxford English Dictionary
• Spell check – Will change frequently misspelled search terms to the more commonly spelled alternative.
• Best match (plus similar sites)
• Product shopping and "Bing cashback"
• Health information
• Flight tracking
• Translate – Auto translation of certain search phrases, often with phrases including "translate" or "in English". For example, to translate me llamo from Spanish to English the user would simply type "translate me llamo in English" and he or she would be redirected to a search results page with Bing Translator with the translation from Spanish to English

2.4. Local Info

• Current traffic information
• Business listing
• People listing
• Collections
• Localized searching for restaurants and services
• Localized searching for coupons and deals
• Restaurant reviews
• Movies played in an area – When a current movie title is entered in the search box Bing will provide listings of local theaters showing the movie. When a city is added to the search box, Bing provides the movie listings localized for that city.
• City hotel listings – When "hotels" and a city name is entered in the search box Bing can provide hotel listings with a map. The listing leads to a detail search page with the hotels listed that holds extended information on the hotels and contains links to reviews, directions reservations and bird-eye view of the hotel. On the page with the listings the list can be refined by settings on ratings, pricing, amenities, payment, and parking

2.5. Third-Party Integration

Facebook users have the option to share their searches with their Facebook friends using Facebook Connect.^[23]

On June 10, 2013, Apple announced that it would be dropping Google as its web search engine in favour of Bing.^[24] This feature is only integrated with iOS 7 and higher and for users with an iPhone 4S or higher as the feature is only integrated with Siri, Apple's personal assistant.

2.6. Integration with Windows 8

Windows 8.1 includes Bing "Smart Search" integration, which processes all queries submitted through the Windows Start Screen.^[25] The Bing integration captures a variety of features, one of the most prominent and advertised being Hero Search. This feature allows users to browse for popular and well-known places, objects or people. Searching France, for example, will show popular search items, such as population, calling code and date founded. The current weather and location are also directly accessible using Bing Weather and Bing maps. The "Hero" result will go further to provide attractions using Bing Images and popular websites relating to France, such as France Wikipedia and France's official website. Searching an artist will display similar results with the option to play music using the Windows 8-integrated Groove Music application.

2.7. Translator

Bing Translator is a user facing translation portal provided by Microsoft to translate texts or entire web pages into different languages. All translation pairs are powered by the Microsoft Translator, a statistical machine translation platform and web service, developed by Microsoft Research, as its backend translation software. Two transliteration pairs (between Chinese (Simplified) and Chinese (Traditional)) are provided by Microsoft's Windows International team.^[26] As of October 2022, Bing Translator offers translations in 60 different language systems.^[27]

Bing Translator can translate phrases entered by the user or acquire a link to a web page and translate its entirely. When translating an entire web page, or when the user selects "Translate this page" in Bing search results, the Bilingual Viewer is shown, which allows users to browse the original web page text and translation in parallel, supported by synchronized highlights, scrolling, and navigation.^[28] Four Bilingual Viewer layouts are available: side by side, top and bottom, original with hover translation and translation with hover original.

2.8. Knowledge and Action Graph

In 2015 Microsoft announced its knowledge and action API to correspond with Google's Knowledge graph with 1 billion instances and 20 billion related facts.^[29]

2.9. Bing Predicts

The idea for a prediction engine was first suggested by Walter Sun, Development Manager for the Core Ranking team at Bing, when he noticed that school districts were more frequently searched before a major weather event in the area was forecasted, because searchers wanted to find out if a closing or delay was caused. He concluded that the time and location of major weather events could accurately be predicted without referring to a weather forecast by observing major increases in search frequency of school districts in the area. This inspired Bing to use its search data to infer outcomes of certain events, such as winners of reality shows.^[30] Bing Predicts launched on April 21, 2014. The first reality shows to be featured on Bing Predicts were The Voice, American Idol, and Dancing with the Stars.^[31]

The prediction accuracy for Bing Predicts is 80% for American Idol, and 85% for The Voice. Bing Predicts also predicts the outcomes of major political elections in the United States. Bing Predicts had 97% accuracy for the 2014 United States Senate elections, 96% accuracy for the 2014 United States House of Representatives elections, and an 89% accuracy for the 2014 United States gubernatorial elections. Bing Predicts also made predictions for the results of the 2016 United States presidential primaries.^[32] It has also done predictions in sports, including a perfect 15 for 15 in the 2014 World Cup,^[33] leading to positive press such as a Business Insider story on its successes^[34] and a PC World article on how Microsoft CEO Satya Nadella did well in his March Madness bracket entry.^[35]

In 2016, Bing Predicts failed to accurately predict the winner of the 2016 US presidential election, showing Hillary Clinton chance of winning by 81%.

3. International

Bing is available in many languages and has been localized for many countries.^[36] Even if the language of the search and of the results are the same, Bing delivers substantially different results for different parts of the world.^[37]

3.1. Languages in which Bing Can Find Results

• Albanian
• Arabic
• Bengali
• Bulgarian
• Catalan
• Chinese (Simplified & Traditional scripts)
• Croatian
• Czech
• Danish
• Dutch
• English (American & British)
• Estonian
• Finnish
• French
• German
• Greek
• Hebrew
• Hindi
• Hungarian
• Icelandic
• Indonesian
• Italian
• Japanese
• Korean
• Latvian
• Lithuanian
• Malay
• Norwegian
• Portuguese (Brazil & Portugal)
• Romanian
• Russian
• Serbian (Cyrillic)
• Slovak
• Slovene
• Spanish
• Swedish
• Tamil
• Thai
• Turkish
• Ukrainian
• Vietnamese

3.2. Languages in which Bing Can Be Displayed

• Basque
• Bengali
• Catalan
• Chinese (Simplified & Traditional scripts)
• Croatian
• Czech
• Danish
• Dutch
• English (American & British)
• Estonian
• Finnish
• French
• Galician
• German
• Greek
• Hindi
• Hungarian
• Icelandic
• Italian
• Japanese
• Korean
• Latin
• Latvian
• Lithuanian
• Malay
• Norwegian
• Portuguese (Brazil & Portugal)
• Romanian
• Russian
• Serbian (Cyrillic)
• Slovak
• Slovene
• Spanish
• Swedish
• Tamil
• Thai
• Turkish
• Ukrainian
• Vietnamese

4. Search Products

In addition to its tool for searching web pages, Bing also provides the following search offerings:^[38]

4.1. Webmaster Services

Bing allows webmasters to manage the web crawling status of their own websites through Bing Webmaster Center. Additionally, users may also submit contents to Bing via the Bing Local Listing Center, which allows businesses to add business listings onto Bing Maps and Bing Local.

4.2. Mobile Services

Bing Mobile allow users to conduct search queries on their mobile devices, either via the mobile browser or a downloadable mobile application.

4.3. Developer Services

Bing Application Programming Interface enables developers to programmatically submit queries and retrieve results from the Bing Engine.^[42]

To use the Bing API developers have to obtain an Application ID.^[42]

Bing API can be used with following protocols:

• XML
• JSON
• SOAP

Query examples:

• http://api.bing.net/xml.aspx?AppId=YOUR_APPID&Version=2.2&Market=en-US&Query=YOUR_QUERY&Sources=web+spell&Web.Count=1
• http://api.bing.net/json.aspx?AppId=YOUR_APPID&Version=2.2&Market=en-US&Query=YOUR_QUERY&Sources=web+spell&Web.Count=1
• http://api.bing.net/search.wsdl?AppID=YourAppId&Version=2.2

4.4. Bing News

Bing News (previously Live Search News)^[43]–a news aggregator powered by artificial intelligence–is a part of Microsoft's Bing search engine,^[44] which processes billions of global searches. Operating in the United States and other international markets, Bing News displays the latest news stories on Bing.com/News on desktop and mobile, the Bing Search app, and through enterprise streams such as the Outlook News Connector, PowerBI^[45] and Bing for business. Bing News also aggregates the most recent news articles in response to user search queries algorithmically on Bing.com.

Features

News headlines from various sources are aggregated and categorized into sections for users to browse, which include most read, trending, and breaking news stories as well as category-specific articles in areas such as business, politics, sports, science, tech and entertainment. The Bing News page also displays special events of national or global interest such as the U.S. presidential elections, Olympics, and award shows.

Depending on the user's location, localized news. Multimedia content are also incorporated on the news pages, including images and videos with smart-motion thumbnails similar to Bing Videos.^[46][47]

Bing News also allow users to type in a search term to browse through an archive of news articles relevant to the search query. In addition, users may refine their results by location and category, or search with an alternative related search term.^[48] RSS support was added on April 24, 2008, providing support for subscription to a specific news category or search results.^[49] In March 2011 Microsoft added Twitter "tweets" to its news results.^[50]

In August 2015 Microsoft announced that Bing News for mobile devices added algorithmic-deduced "smart labels" that essentially act as topic tags, allowing users to click through and explore possible relationships between different news stories. The feature emerged as a result from Microsoft research that found out about 60% of the people consume news by only reading headlines, rather than read the articles.^[51] Other labels that have been deployed since then include publisher logos^[52] and fact-check tags.

In June 2016, Bing News PubHub (pubhub.bing.com) launched, allowing publishers to submit their news sites for consideration of inclusion in Bing News. Distribution streams for the Bing Publisher Network extend beyond Bing News and Bing.com to Windows 10's Cortana, the Outlook News Connector, and the Bing search app on iOS and Android.^[53]

Bing News provides Industry News for Bing for Business, an enterprise search experience for Office 365 and Microsoft 365 using artificial intelligence and Microsoft Graph announced at the 2017 Microsoft Ignite Conference.^[54] The Bing for business Industry News delivers a personalized newsfeed about the organization's activities, competitors, and industry.

5. Software

5.1. Toolbars

The Bing Bar, a browser extension toolbar that replaced the MSN Toolbar, provides users with links to Bing and MSN content from within their web browser without needing to navigate away from a web page they are already on. The user can customize the theme and color scheme of the Bing Bar as well as choose which MSN content buttons to present within the user interface. Bing Bar also displays the current local weather forecast and stock market positions.^[55]

The Bing Bar features integration with Microsoft Bing search engine. In addition to the traditional web search functions, Bing Bar also allows search on other Bing services such as Images, Video, News and Maps. When users perform a search on another search engine, the Bing Bar's search box will automatically populate itself, allowing the user to view the results from Bing, should it be desired.

Bing Bar also links to Outlook.com, Skype and Facebook.^[56]

5.2. Desktop

Microsoft released a beta version of Bing Desktop, a program developed to allow users to search Bing from the desktop, on April 4, 2012.^[57] The initial release followed shortly on April 24, 2012, supporting Windows 7 only.^[58] With the release of version 1.1 in December 2012 it supported Windows XP and higher.^[59]

Bing Desktop allows users to initiate a web search from the desktop, view news headlines, automatically set their background to the Bing homepage image, or choose a background from the previous nine background images.^[60]

A similar program, the Bing Search gadget, was a Windows Sidebar Gadget that used Bing to fetch the user's search results and render them directly in the gadget. Another gadget, the Bing Maps gadget, displayed real-time traffic conditions using Bing Maps.^[61] The gadget provided shortcuts to driving directions, local search and full-screen traffic view of major US and Canadian cities, including Atlanta, Boston, Chicago , Denver, Detroit, Houston, Los Angeles , Milwaukee, Montreal , New York City , Oklahoma City, Ottawa, Philadelphia, Phoenix, Pittsburgh, Portland, Oregon , Providence, Sacramento, Salt Lake City, San Diego, San Francisco , Seattle, St. Louis, Tampa, Toronto, Vancouver , and Washington, D.C.

Prior to October 30, 2007, the gadgets were known as Live Search gadget and Live Search Maps gadget; both gadgets were removed from Windows Live Gallery due to possible security concerns.^[62] The Live Search Maps gadget was made available for download again on January 24, 2008 with the security concern addressed.^[63] However around the introduction of Bing in June 2009 both gadgets have been removed again for download from Windows Live Gallery.

6. Market Share

Before the launch of Bing, the market share of Microsoft web search pages (MSN and Live search) had been small. By January 2011, Experian Hitwise show that Bing's market share had increased to 12.8% at the expense of Yahoo! and Google. In the same period, comScore's "2010 U.S. Digital Year in Review" report showed that "Bing was the big gainer in year-over-year search activity, picking up 29% more searches in 2010 than it did in 2009".^[64] The Wall Street Journal notes the 1% jump in share "appeared to come at the expense of rival Google Inc".^[65] In February 2011, Bing beat Yahoo! for the first time with 4.37% search share while Yahoo! received 3.93%.^[66]

Counting core searches only, i.e., those where the user has an intent to interact with the search result, Bing had a market share of 14.54% in the second quarter of 2011 in the United States.^{[23][67][68][69]}

The combined "Bing Powered" U.S. searches declined from 26.5% in 2011 to 25.9% in April 2012.^[70] By November 2015, its market share had declined further to 20.9%.^[71] As of October 2018, Bing is the third largest search engine in the US, with a query volume of 4.58%, behind Google (77%) and Baidu(14.45%). Yahoo! Search, which Bing largely powers, has 2.63%.

7. Marketing and Advertisements

7.1. Live Search

Since 2006, Microsoft had conducted a number of tie-ins and promotions for promoting Microsoft's search offerings. These include:

• Amazon's A9 search service and the experimental Ms. Dewey interactive search site syndicated all search results from Microsoft's then search engine, Live Search. This tie-in started on May 1, 2006.
• Search and Give – a promotional website launched on January 17, 2007 where all searches done from a special portal site would lead to a donation to the UNHCR's organization for refugee children, ninemillion.org. Reuters AlertNet reported in 2007 that the amount to be donated would be $0.01 per search, with a minimum of $100,000 and a maximum of $250,000 (equivalent to 25 million searches).^[72] According to the website the service was decommissioned on June 1, 2009, having donated over $500,000 to charity and schools.^[73]
• Club Bing – a promotional website where users can win prizes by playing word games that generate search queries on Microsoft's then search service Live Search. This website began in April 2007 as Live Search Club.
• Big Snap Search – a promotional website similar to Live Search Club. This website began in February 2008, but was discontinued shortly after.^[74]
• Live Search SearchPerks! - a promotional website which allowed users to redeem tickets for prizes while using Microsoft's search engine. This website began on October 1, 2008 and was decommissioned on April 15, 2009.

7.2. Debut

Bing's debut featured an $80 to $100 million online, TV, print, and radio advertising campaign in the US. The advertisements do not mention other search engine competitors, such as Google and Yahoo!, directly by name; rather, they attempt to convince users to switch to Bing by focusing on Bing's search features and functionality.^[75] The ads claim that Bing does a better job countering "search overload".^[76]

7.3. "Decision Engine"

Bing has been heavily advertised as a "decision engine",^[77] though thought by columnist David Berkowitz to be more closely related to a web portal.^[78]

7.4. Bing Rewards

Bing Rewards was a loyalty program launched by Microsoft in September 2010. It was similar to two earlier services, SearchPerks! and Bing Cashback, which were subsequently discontinued.

Bing Rewards provided credits to users through regular Bing searches and special promotions.^[79] These credits were then redeemed for various products including electronics, gift cards, sweepstakes, and charitable donations.^[80] Initially, participants were required to download and use the Bing Bar for Internet Explorer in order to earn credits; but later the service was made to work with all desktop browsers.^[81]

The Bing Rewards program was rebranded as "Microsoft Rewards" in 2016,^[82] at which point it was modified to only two levels, Level 1 and Level 2. Level 1 is similar to "Member", and Level 2 is similar to "Gold" of the previous Bing Rewards.

7.5. The Colbert Report

During the episode of The Colbert Report that aired on June 8, 2010, Stephen Colbert stated that Microsoft would donate $2,500 to help clean up the Gulf oil spill each time he mentioned the word "Bing" on air. Colbert mostly mentioned Bing in out-of-context situations, such as Bing Crosby and Bing cherries. By the end of the show, Colbert had said the word 40 times, for a total donation of $100,000. Colbert poked fun at their rivalry with Google, stating "Bing is a great website for doing Internet searches. I know that, because I Googled it."^[83][84]

7.6. Search Deals

Bing was added into the list of search engines available in Opera browser from v10.6, but Google remained the default search engine.^[85] Mozilla Firefox made a deal with Microsoft to jointly release "Firefox with Bing",^[86] an edition of Firefox where Bing has replaced Google as the default search engine.^[87][88] The standard edition of Firefox has Google as its default search engine, but has included Bing in its list of search providers since Firefox version 4.0.^[89]

In addition, Microsoft paid Verizon Wireless US$550 million^[90] to use Bing as the default search provider on Verizon's BlackBerry and have Verizon "turn off" (via BlackBerry service books) the other search providers available. Users could still access other search engines via the mobile browser.^[91]

7.7. Bing It On

In 2012, a Bing marketing campaign asked the public which search engine they believed was better when its results were presented without branding, similar to the Pepsi Challenge in the 1970s.^[92][93] This poll was nicknamed "Bing It On".^[94][95] Microsoft presented a study of almost 1,000 people^[96] which showed that 57% of participants in such a test preferred Bing's results, with only 30% preferring Google.^[97]

8. Adult Content

Bing censors results for "adult" search terms for some regions, including India, People's Republic of China, Germany and Arab countries^[98] where required by local laws.^[99] However, Bing allows users to change their country or region preference to somewhere without restrictions, such as the United States, United Kingdom or Republic of Ireland.

The content is sourced from: https://handwiki.org/wiki/Software:Bing_(search_engine)