Overview of Fucoidan: History
Please note this is an old version of this entry, which may differ significantly from the current revision.

The marine macroalgae produce a collection of bioactive polysaccharides, of which the sulfated heteropolysaccharide fucoidan produced by brown algae of the class Phaeophyceae has received worldwide attention because of its particular biological actions that confer nutritional and health benefits to humans and animals. The biological actions of fucoidan are determined by their structure and chemical composition, which are largely influenced by the geographical location, harvest season, extraction process, etc. 

  • fucoidan
  • C2-
  • algal biomass

1. Marine Macroalgal Sources of Fucoidan

Macroalgae, also called seaweeds, are taxonomically categorized into the phyla Chlorophyta (green algae), Rhodophyta (red algae) and Phaeophyta (brown algae). Brown seaweeds are benthic, and they inhabit the coastal ecosystems in temperate and cold-water seas [1]. Brown macroalgae produce the fucoidan polysaccharide [2] (Table 1). The brown seaweeds, such as Ecklonia cavaAscophyllum nodosumCladosiphon okamuranusUndaria pinnatifidaSaccharina longicrurisSaccharina latissimaSargassum polycystumLaminaria japonicaFucus vesiculosus and Fucus serratus, are abundant sources of fucoidans [3][4][5][6][7][8][9].

This entry is adapted from the peer-reviewed paper 10.3390/bioengineering9090472

References

  1. Kawai, H.; Henry, E.C. Phaeophyta. In Handbook of the Protists; Archibald, J., Simpson, A., Slamovits, C., Eds.; Springer: Cham, Switzerland, 2017; pp. 267–304.
  2. Zayed, A.; El-Aasr, M.; Ibrahim, A.S.; Ulber, R. Fucoidan Characterization: Determination of Purity and Physicochemical and Chemical Properties. Mar. Drugs 2020, 18, 571.
  3. Bilan, M.I.; Grachev, A.A.; Shashkov, A.S.; Nifantiev, N.E.; Usov, A.I. Structure of a Fucoidan from the Brown Seaweed Fucus serratus L. Carbohydr. Res. 2006, 341, 238–245.
  4. Bilan, M.I.; Grachev, A.A.; Shashkov, A.S.; Kelly, M.; Sanderson, C.J.; Nifantiev, N.E.; Usov, A.I. Further Studies on the Composition and Structure of a Fucoidan Preparation from the Brown Alga Saccharina latissima. Carbohydr. Res. 2010, 345, 2038–2047.
  5. Bilan, M.I.; Grachev, A.A.; Shashkov, A.S.; Thuy, T.T.T.; Van, T.T.T.; Ly, B.M.; Nifantiev, N.E.; Usov, A.I. Preliminary Investigation of a Highly Sulfated Galactofucan Fraction Isolated from the Brown Alga Sargassum polycystum. Carbohydr. Res. 2013, 377, 48–57.
  6. Chevolot, L.; Mulloy, B.; Ratiskol, J.; Foucault, A.; Colliec-Jouault, S. A disaccharide repeat unit is the major structure in fucoidans from two species of brown algae. Carbohydr. Res. 2001, 330, 529–535.
  7. Elizondo-Gonzalez, R.; Cruz-Suarez, L.E.; Ricque-Marie, D.; Mendoza-Gamboa, E.; Rodriguez-Padilla, C.; Trejo-Avila, L.M. In vitro characterization of the antiviral activity of fucoidan from Cladosiphon okamuranus against Newcastle Disease Virus. Virol. J. 2012, 9, 307.
  8. Rioux, L.E.; Turgeon, S.L.; Beaulieu, M. Structural Characterization of Laminaran and Galactofucan Extracted from the Brown Seaweed Saccharina longicruris. Phytochemistry 2010, 71, 1586–1595.
  9. Wijesinghe, W.A.J.P.; Jeon, Y.-J. Enzyme-assistant extraction (EAE) of bioactive components: A useful approach for recovery of industrially important metabolites from seaweeds: A review. Fitoterapia 2012, 83, 6–12.
  10. Krylova, N.V.; Ermakova, S.P.; Lavrov, V.F.; Leneva, I.A.; Kompanets, G.G.; Iunikhina, O.V.; Nosik, M.N.; Ebralidze, L.K.; Falynskova, I.N.; Silchenko, A.S.; et al. The Comparative Analysis of Antiviral Activity of Native and Modified Fucoidans from Brown Algae Fucus evanescens In Vitro and In Vivo. Mar. Drugs 2020, 18, 224.
  11. Silchenko, A.S.; Rasin, A.B.; Kusaykin, M.I.; Kalinovsky, A.I.; Miansong, Z.; Changheng, L.; Malyarenko, O.; Zueva, A.O.; Zvyagintseva, T.N.; Ermakova, S.P. Structure, enzymatic transformation, anticancer activity of fucoidan and sulphated fucooligosaccharides from Sargassum horneri. Carbohydr. Polym. 2017, 175, 654–660.
  12. Usoltseva, R.V.; Shevchenko, N.M.; Malyarenko, O.S.; Anastyuk, S.D.; Kasprik, A.E.; Zvyagintsev, N.V.; Ermakova, S.P. Fucoidans from brown algae Laminaria longipes and Saccharina cichorioides: Structural characteristics, anticancer and radiosensitizing activity in vitro. Carbohydr. Polym. 2019, 221, 157–165.
  13. Kopplin, G.; Rokstad, A.M.; Mélida, H.; Bulone, V.; Skjåk-Bræk, G.; Aachmann, F.L. Structural Characterization of Fucoidan from Laminaria hyperborea: Assessment of Coagulation and Inflammatory Properties and Their Structure-Function Relationship. ACS Appl. Bio Mater. 2018, 1, 1880–1892.
  14. Bilan, M.I.; Grachev, A.A.; Ustuzhanina, N.E.; Shashkov, A.S.; Nifantiev, N.E.; Usov, A.I. Structure of a fucoidan from the brown seaweed Fucus evanescens C.Ag. Carbohydr. Res. 2002, 337, 719–730.
  15. Bilan, M.I.; Grachev, A.A.; Ustuzhanina, N.E.; Shashkov, A.S.; Nifantiev, N.E.; Usov, A.I. A highly regular fraction of a fucoidan from the brown seaweed Fucus distichus L. Carbohydr. Res. 2004, 339, 511–517.
  16. Wijesinghe, W.A.J.P.; Jeon, Y. Biological activities and potential industrial applications of fucose rich sulfated polysaccharides and fucoidans isolated from brown seaweeds: A review. Carbohydr. Polym. 2012, 88, 13–20.
  17. Luthuli, S.; Siya, W.; Cheng, Y.; Zheng, X.; Wu, M.; Tong, H. Therapeutic Effects of Fucoidan: A Review on Recent Studies. Mar. Drugs 2019, 17, 487.
  18. Wang, J.; Zhang, Q.; Zhang, Z.; Li, Z. Antioxidant activity of sulfated polysaccharide fractions extracted from Laminaria japonica. Int. J. Biol. Macromol. 2008, 42, 127–132.
  19. Yu, J.; Li, Q.; Wu, J.; Yang, X.; Yang, S.; Zhu, W.; Liu, Y. Fucoidan Extracted From Sporophyll of Undaria pinnatifida Grown in Weihai, China—Chemical Composition and Comparison of Antioxidant Activity of Different Molecular Weight Fractions. Front. Nutr. 2021, 8, 636930.
  20. Lim, S.; Choi, J.; Park, H. Antioxidant activities of fucoidan degraded by gamma irradiation and acidic hydrolysis. Radiat. Phys. Chem. 2015, 109, 23–26.
  21. Cunha, L.; Grenha, A. Sulfated Seaweed Polysaccharides as Multifunctional Materials in Drug Delivery Applications. Mar. Drugs 2016, 14, 42.
  22. Gotteland, M.; Riveros, K.; Gasaly, N.; Carcamo, C. The Pros and Cons of Using Algal Polysaccharides as Prebiotics. Front. Nutr. 2020, 7, 163.
  23. Ale, M.T.; Mikkelsen, J.D.; Meyer, A.S. Important Determinants for Fucoidan Bioactivity: A Critical Review of Structure-Function Relations and Extraction Methods for Fucose-Containing Sulfated Polysaccharides from Brown Seaweeds. Mar. Drugs 2011, 9, 2106–2130.
  24. Duarte, M.E.R.; Cardoso, M.A.; Noseda, M.D.; Cerezo, A.S. Structural studies on fucoidans from the brown seaweed Sargassum stenophyllum. Carbohydr. Res. 2001, 333, 281–293.
  25. Ponce, N.M.A.; Pujol, C.A.; Damonte, E.B.; Flores, M.L.; Stortz, C.A. Fucoidans from the brown seaweed Adenocystis utricularis: Extraction methods, antiviral activity and structural studies. Carbohydr. Res. 2003, 338, 153–165.
  26. Cui, M.; Li, X.; Geng, L.; Wu, N.; Wang, J.; Deng, Z.; Li, Z.; Zhang, Q. Comparative study of the immunomodulatory effects of different fucoidans from Saccharina japonica mediated by scavenger receptors on RAW264.7 macrophages. Int. J. Biol. Macromol. 2022, 215, 253–261.
  27. Silva, M.M.C.L.; dos Santos Lisboa, L.; Paiva, W.S.; Batista, L.A.N.C.; Luchiari, A.C.; Rocha, H.A.O.; Camara, R.B.G. Comparison of in vitro and in vivo antioxidant activities of commercial fucoidans from Macrocystis pyrifera, Undaria pinnatifida, and Fucus vesiculosus. Int. J. Biol. Macromol. 2022, 216, 757–767.
  28. Nishino, T.; Aizu, Y.; Nagumo, T. The relationship between the molecular weight and the anticoagulant activity of two types of fucan sulfates from the brown seaweed Ecklonia kurome. Agric. Biol. Chem. 1991, 55, 791–796.
  29. Fitton, J.H.; Dell’Acqua, G.; Gardiner, V.-A.; Karpiniec, S.S.; Stringer, D.N.; Davis, E. Topical Benefits of Two Fucoidan-Rich Extracts from Marine Macroalgae. Cosmetics 2015, 2, 66–81.
  30. Tako, M. Rheological Characteristics of Fucoidan Isolated from Commercially Cultured Cladosiphon okamuranus. Bot. Mar. 2003, 46, 465.
  31. Sezer, A.D.; Cevher, E.; Hatipoglu, F.; Ogurtan, Z.; Bas, A.L.; Akbuga, J. Preparation of Fucoidan-Chitosan Hydrogel and Its Application as Burn. Biol. Pharm. Bull. 2008, 31, 2326–2333.
  32. Lee, H.M.; Kim, J.-K.; Cho, T.-S. Applications of ophthalmic biomaterials embedded with fucoidan. J. Ind. Eng. Chem. 2012, 18, 1197–1201.
  33. Badrinathan, S.; Shiju, T.M.; Christa, A.S.S.; Arya, R.; Pragasam, V. Purification and Structural Characterization of Sulfated Polysaccharide from Sargassum myriocystum and its Efficacy in Scavenging Free Radicals. Indian J. Pharm. Sci. 2012, 74, 549–555.
  34. Shanthi, N.; Arumugam, P.; Murugan, M.; Sudhakar, M.P.; Arunkumar, K. Extraction of Fucoidan from Turbinaria decurrens and the Synthesis of Fucoidan-Coated AgNPs for Anticoagulant Application. ACS Omega 2021, 6, 30998–31008.
  35. Luan, F.; Zou, J.; Rao, Z.; Ji, Y.; Lei, Z.; Peng, L.; Yang, Y.; He, X.; Zeng, N. Polysaccharides from Laminaria japonica: An insight into the current research on structural features and biological properties. Food Funct. 2021, 12, 4254–4283.
  36. Aguilar-Briseño, J.A.; Cruz-Suarez, L.E.; Ricque-Marie, D.; Zapata-Benavides, P.; Mendoza-Gamboa, E.; Rodríguez-Padilla, C.; Maria Trejo-Avila, L. Sulphated Polysaccharides from Ulva clathrata and Cladosiphon okamuranus Seaweeds both Inhibit Viral Attachment/Entry and Cell-Cell Fusion, in NDV Infection. Mar. Drugs 2015, 13, 697–712.
  37. Yuan, Y.; Macquarrie, D. Microwave assisted extraction of sulfated polysaccharides (fucoidan) from Ascophyllum nodosum and its antioxidant activity. Carbohydr. Polym. 2015, 129, 101–107.
  38. Getachew, A.T.; Holdt, S.L.; Meyer, A.S.; Jacobsen, C. Effect of Extraction Temperature on Pressurized Liquid Extraction of Bioactive Compounds from Fucus vesiculosus. Mar. Drugs 2022, 20, 263.
  39. Rodriguez-Jasso, R.; Mussatto, S.; Pastrana, L.; Aguilar, C.; Teixeira, J. Chemical composition and antioxidant activity of sulphated polysaccharides extracted from Fucus vesiculosus using different hydrothermal processes. Chem. Pap. 2014, 68, 203–209.
  40. Rodriguez-Jasso, R.M.; Mussatto, S.I.; Pastrana, L.; Aguilar, C.N.; Teixeira, J.A. Microwave-assisted extraction of sulfated polysaccharides (fucoidan) from brown seaweed. Carbohydr. Polym. 2011, 86, 1137–1144.
  41. Alboofetileh, M.; Rezaei, M.; Tabarsa, M.; You, S. Ultrasound-assisted extraction of sulfated polysaccharide from Nizamuddinia zanardinii: Process optimization, structural characterization, and biological properties. J. Food Process Eng. 2019, 42, e12979.
  42. Devi, G.V.Y.; Nagendra, A.H.; Sudheer, S.P.; Chatterjee, K.; Venkatesan, J. Isolation and purification of fucoidan from Sargassum ilicifolium: Osteogenic differentiation potential in mesenchymal stem cells for bone tissue engineering. J. Taiwan Inst. Chem. Eng. 2022, 136, 104418.
  43. Agregán, R.; Munekata, P.E.S.; Franco, D.; Carballo, J.; Barba, F.J.; Lorenzo, J.M. Antioxidant Potential of Extracts Obtained from Macro- (Ascophyllum nodosum, Fucus vesiculosus and Bifurcaria bifurcata) and Micro-Algae (Chlorella vulgaris and Spirulina platensis) Assisted by Ultrasound. Medicines 2018, 5, 33.
  44. My, P.L.T.; Sung, V.V.; Dat, T.D.; Nam, H.M.; Phong, M.T.; Hieu, N.H. Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction of Fucoidan from Vietnamese Brown Seaweed Sargassum mcclurei and Testing Bioactivities of the Extract. Chem. Sel. 2020, 5, 4371–4380.
  45. Garcia-Vaquero, M.; Doherty, J.V.O.; Tiwari, B.K.; Sweeney, T. Enhancing the Extraction of Polysaccharides and Antioxidants from Macroalgae Using Sequential Hydrothermal-Assisted Extraction Followed by Ultrasound and Thermal Technologies. Mar. Drugs 2019, 17, 457.
  46. Patel, A.K.; Vadrale, A.P.; Singhania, R.R.; Michaud, P.; Pandey, A.; Chen, S.-J.; Chen, C.-W. Algal polysaccharides: Current status and future prospects. Phytochem. Rev. 2022, 5, 1–30.
  47. Flórez-Fernández, N.; Balboa, E.M.; Domínguez, H. Extraction and Purification of Fucoidan from Marine Sources. In Encyclopedia of Marine Biotechnology; Kim, S.-K., Ed.; John Wiley & Sons: Hoboken, NJ, USA, 2020.
  48. Koh, H.S.A.; Lu, J.; Zhou, W. Structure characterization and antioxidant activity of fucoidan isolated from Undaria pinnatifida grown in New Zealand. Carbohydr. Polym. 2019, 212, 178–185.
  49. Usoltseva, R.V.; Anastyuk, S.D.; Shevchenko, N.M.; Surits, V.V.; Silchenko, A.S.; Isakov, V.V.; Zvyagintseva, T.N.; Thinh, P.D.; Ermakova, S.P. Polysaccharides from brown algae Sargassum duplicatum: The structure and anticancer activity in vitro. Carbohydr. Polym. 2017, 175, 547–556.
  50. Galermo, A.G.; Nandita, E.; Barboza, M.; Amicucci, M.J.; Vo, T.-T.T.; Lebrilla, C.B. Liquid Chromatography–Tandem Mass Spectrometry Approach for Determining Glycosidic Linkages. Anal. Chem. 2018, 90, 13073–13080.
  51. Jiao, G.; Yu, G.; Zhang, J.; Ewart, H.S. Chemical Structures and Bioactivities of Sulfated Polysaccharides from Marine Algae. Mar. Drugs 2011, 9, 196–223.
  52. Wang, J.; Wang, F.; Zhang, Q.; Zhang, Z.; Shi, X.; Li, P. Synthesized different derivatives of low molecular fucoidan extracted from Laminaria japonica and their potential antioxidant activity in vitro. Int. J. Biol. Macromol. 2009, 44, 379–384.
  53. Wang, J.; Zhang, Q.; Zhang, Z.; Zhang, J.; Li, P. Synthesized phosphorylated and aminated derivatives of fucoidan and their potential antioxidant activity in vitro. Int. J. Biol. Macromol. 2009, 44, 170–174.
  54. Ale, M.T.; Meyer, A.S. Fucoidans from brown seaweeds: An update on structures, extraction techniques and use of enzymes as tools for structural elucidation. RSC Adv. 2013, 3, 8131–8141.
More
This entry is offline, you can click here to edit this entry!
ScholarVision Creations