Reverse-phase chromatography |
Affinity |
Silica modified with octadecyl acrylate and 2-vinyl-4,6-diamino-1,3,5-triazine [38] |
PAHs |
Methanol |
Affinity |
Silica modified with octadecyl acrylate and N-methylmaleimide [39] |
PAHs and tocopherols |
Mixed of methanol and water |
Affinity |
Silica modified with N-Boc-phenylalanine and cyclohexylamine [40] |
Phytohormones |
Mixed of phosphate buffer and acetonitrile |
Affinity |
Zr6O4(OH)4 MOF modified with 2-amino-terephthalic acid or 4,4′-biphenyl-dicarboxylic acid [41] |
PAHs and aromatics compound |
Mixed of methanol and water |
Hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography |
Ionic |
Silica modified with (2-(methacryloyloxy)-ethyl)dimethyl-(3-sulfopropyl)ammonium hydroxide or 2-methacryloyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine [42] |
Mixed of toluene, formamide, dimethylformamide, and thiourea |
Mixed of water and acetonitrile |
Affinity |
Amino silica modified with polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane and acrylamide derivatives [34] |
Nucleosides, organic acids, and β-agonists |
Mixed of acetonitrile and ammonium formate solution |
Affinity |
Silica modified with EGDMA and maltose [32] |
Nucleobases and nucleotides |
Mixed of water and acetonitrile |
Affinity |
Silica modified with vinyl silsesquioxane and dithiothreitol [43] |
|
|
Ionic and affinity |
Silica modified with pyrazinedicarboxylic anhydrate [44] |
Oligosaccharides, alkaloid, and organic acid groups |
Mixed of acetonitrile and ammonium formate solution |
Mixed-mode chromatography |
Ionic and affinity |
Silica modified with 2-methacryloyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine [35] |
Protein and lysozyme |
Mixed of acetonitrile, ammonium formate solution, KH2PO4 solution, NaCl solution |
Ionic and affinity |
Silica modified with octadecyl and diol groups [8] |
Aristolochic acid and derivatives |
Mixed of formic acid and acetonitrile |
Ionic and affinity |
Silica modified with glutathione [26] |
Protein |
Mixed of water, formic acid, acetonitrile |
Ionic and affinity |
poly(12-methacryloyl dodecylphosphatidic acid-co- ethylene glycol dimethacrylate) [45] |
Ketone aromatic, phenol and derivatives, small organic compounds |
Mixed of ammonium formate solution and acetonitrile |
Affinity |
Amino silica modified with octadecyl and carbon dots [31] |
PAHs, nucleosides, and nucleobases |
Mixed of water and methanol, acetonitrile, and ammonium acetate solution |
Affinity chromatography |
Ionic and affinity |
Agarose modified with 2-Mercapto-1-methylimidazole [46] |
Protein |
NaOH solution |
Ionic and affinity |
Sepharose modified with ligand complex [3] |
Protein with histidine |
Mixed of Tris buffer, sodium chloride, and imidazole |
Ionic and affinity |
Silica modified with N-methylimidazolium ionic liquid [28] |
Protein |
Mixed of acetonitrile, trifluoroacetic acid, NaClO4 solution, KH2PO4 solution, and NaCl solution |
Ionic and affinity |
Amino silica modified with glutaraldehyde [47] |
Protein |
Phosphate buffer |
Ionic chromatography |
Ionic |
Bentonite modified with chitosan and cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) [11] |
Cr(III) and Cr(VI) solution |
Nitric acid solution for Cr(III) and ammonia solution for Cr(VI) |
Ionic |
Polystyrene-methacrylate derivatives modified with poly(amidoamine) [10] |
Small anions like nitrate, sulfates, bromide, etc. |
NaOH solution |
Chiral chromatography |
Size and affinity |
Polysaccharide modified with 3-chloro-4-methylphenylcarbamate [48] |
Paroxetine hydrochloride groups |
Mixed of supercritical CO2, methanol, and ammonium acetate solution |
Affinity |
Isopropylcarbamate cyclofructan 6 groups [49] |
Methionine groups |
Mixed of methanol, acetonitrile, acetic acid, and triethylamine |
Size |
Silica modified with 3,3′- phenyl-1,1′-binaphthyl-18-crown-6-ether [50] |
Amino acids and peptides |
Mixed of perchloric acid solution, acetonitrile, and methanol |
Affinity |
Poly(styrene-divinylbenzene) coated with chitosan [9] |
Benzoin |
Mixed of water and acetonitrile |
Electrochromatography |
Size and ionic |
Poly(POSS-co-META-co-DMMSA) [18] |
Benzoic acid, nucleosides, bases, glycopeptides |
Mixed of phosphate buffer, triethylamine, and acetonitrile |
Affinity |
Silica modified with a metal-organic framework (MOF) [20] |
Benzenes and derivatives |
Mixed of phosphate buffer and acetonitrile |
Size exclusion chromatography |
Size |
Poly(methacrylic acid-co-ethylene glycol dimethacrylate) [51] |
Protein |
Mixed of water and acetonitrile |