The study focused on the health effects of ISS on the older and found that different forms of ISS had different effects on older health, which was consistent with previous studies [13,43]. Care support from the son, daughter, and spouse all had negative health effects on the older [44]. Long-term care by children or spouses led to a decline in the sense of self-efficacy [44,45] and caused psychological burdens [16,17]. This psychological hint made the older put themselves in a disadvantaged position and then handed over many tasks that they were capable of doing themselves, which resulted in a lack of proper exercise. Economic support had a significantly positive health effect on the older [13]. The possible reason was that with the increase in the age of the older, physical functioning ability declined [46], the demand for medical expenses would increase with the increase in demand for medical care, and the economic support from children or others would reduce pressure on the older’s medical expenses and helped to improve older medical conditions. Accompanied support had a significantly positive health effect on the older [47,48]. Living with the older could not only provide them with some psychological comfort but also could provide some care during their daily lives [49]. Regular contact with relatives and friends could effectively promote older health [50,51]. Moreover, education and exercise both had significantly positive effects on older health. For education, there was a close connection between education and health, education was associated with better health [52,53], thus people with higher education might have better socio-economic status, higher levels of social support, and healthier lifestyle [52], which would improve older health. Moreover, people with higher education level had more extensive knowledge, they might know more health knowledge, and they would pay more attention to health maintenance. At the same time, people with higher education levels had a relatively richer cultural life, which could alleviate the individual’s mental emptiness and psychological gap after entering old age. For exercise, the elderly who often exercised had a higher health level because appropriate physical activities could not only help the elderly stretch their bones and muscles, made the body and mind smooth, but also helped reduce the prevalence of chronic diseases such as hypertension and hyperglycemia.

In addition, ISS had different health effects among different groups based on the age and household registration. Older people experienced a decline in physical functioning ability as their age increased [46] and would, therefore, face increasing medical expenses. High-age people might also be more eager to have the company and interaction of family members or others to eliminate feelings of loneliness. Compared with those who were urban, older who were rural had a disadvantaged position in terms of socio-economic status [52,54]; they also had relatively weak health awareness and insufficient FSS [37], thus they might need more ISS, especially economic support. However, we should also note that all forms of care support had significantly negative effects among the abovementioned groups, which once again showed that care support not only did not promote older health, but also had a negative impact [44]. In the context of Chinese culture, the son was the main force in supporting the older, and the daughter was only a supporting role to a certain extent. For the low-age older, their self-care level was still relatively high at this time, and they did not need too much care from their sons. However, as they grew older, the influence of traditional Chinese culture on the older made them more dependent on their sons. At this time, even if the daughters provided care support, but the absence of the son’s care would also affect the mental health and even physical health of the older.