Tuberculosis disease is caused by the bacterium Mycobacterium tuberculosis. It is estimated that 10 million people have developed tuberculosis disease globally, leading to 1.4 million deaths in 2019. Treatment of tuberculosis has been especially challenging due to the rise of multidrug-resistant (MDR-TB) and extensive drug-resistant (XDR-TB) tuberculosis. In addition to drug-resistant genotypes, the standard treatment of tuberculosis by first-line agents is also challenging due to toxicity and costs.
Author | Population | Vitamin D Dose | Duration | Findings |
---|---|---|---|---|
Martineau et al. (Mathyssen, Carolien et al., 2017) | 146 adults | 2.5 mg at start, and at days 14, 28, and 42 | 56 days | No effect on sputum culture conversion on the overall population. |
Wejse et al. (Mathyssen, Carolien et al., 2017) | 365 adults | 100,000 IU at start, 3 months, 5 months, and 8 months | 1 year | No effect on clinical outcome/mortality |
Tukvadze et al. (Mathyssen, Carolien et al., 2017) | 199 adults | 50,000 IU 3×/week for 8 weeks, followed by every other week for another 8 weeks | 16 weeks | No improvement in sputum TB clearance |
Ganmaa et al. (Ganmaa, Davaasambuu et al., 2020) [51] | 8851 children | 14,000 IU vitamin D3 or placebo | 3 years | Not lower risk of TB infection |
Sudfeld et al. (Sudfeld, Christopher R et al., 2020) [52] | 6250 HIV+ adults | 50,000 IU Vitamin D3 for first month of ART followed by 2000 IU Vitamin D3 daily | 3 years | No overall effect of supplementation on mortality risk. No difference in incidence of pulmonary TB between Vitamin D3 vs. placebo |
Morcos et al. [41] (Mathyssen, Carolien et al., 2017) | 24 children (<13 y/o) | 1000 IU daily. No placebo implemented | 8 weeks | Clinical improvement in radiography (X-ray and Ultrasound). Weight gain in patients |
Nursyam et al. [41] (Mathyssen, Carolien et al., 2017) | 67 patients (15–59 y/o) | 0.25 mg daily × 6 weeks | 12 weeks | Increased rate of sputum conversion. Improved radiologic findings |
Salahuddin et al. [41] (Mathyssen, Carolien et al., 2017) | 259 patients (>16 y/o) | 2 IM injections of 600,000 IU given at 1 month apart | 12 weeks | Faster clinical and radiographic improvement. Enhanced host immune activation |
Hassanein et al. [41] (Mathyssen, Carolien et al., 2017) | 60 adults | 1 IM injection of 200,000 IU | 8 weeks | Enhanced TB score and more rapid sputum conversion rates |
This entry is adapted from the peer-reviewed paper 10.3390/idr13030074