β-glucans are complex polysaccharides that are found in several plants and foods, including mushrooms. β-glucans display an array of potentially therapeutic properties.
Source | Extraction Method | Analytical Method | Ref |
---|---|---|---|
Hull-less Barley Bran | Ultrasonic extraction, Hot water extraction, Microwave extraction, Microwave assisted ultrasonic extraction |
Megazyme commercial quantification kit, Structure determined using FTIR, Molecular weights determined using gel permeation chromatography (GPC) |
[57] |
Hull-less Barley | Alkali extraction and ethanol precipitation. | High pressure size exclusion chromatography (HPSEC), Methylation, Gas Chromatography Mass Spectroscopy (GC-MS) |
[21] |
Barley | Ethanol Extraction and enzyme treatment with amylase. | Megazyme commercial quantification kit, Molecular weight was determined using size-exclusion ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography |
[58] |
Barley Bran | Enzyme extraction using α-amylase, protease, glucoamylase, pullunlanase and xylanase | Megazyme commercial quantification kit, HPSEC, Rheology, SEM |
[59] |
Barley | Pressurized aqueous ethanol | Megazyme commercial quantification kit, GPC |
[60] |
Barley | Ethanol and water extraction | N/A | [61] |
Oat and Barley | Multistage approach; Solvent (acetone) and enzyme extraction α-amylase and hot water extraction | Megazyme commercial quantification kit, Asymmetric flow field-flow fractionation (AF4) coupled to multiangle light scattering (MALS), differential refractive index (dRI) and fluorescence (FL) detection, High performance anion exchange chromatography |
[62] |
Oat | Multistage enzymatic and solvent extraction—enzymes α-amylase, amyloglucosidase, and papain | Megazyme commercial quantification kit | [63] |
Oat | Subcritical-water extraction | Megazyme commercial quantification kit HPLC |
[64] |
Oat | Enzymatic extraction- α-amylase | Megazyme commercial quantification kit | [65] |
Corn pericarp | Anion exchange chromatography and affinity chromatography | HPLC, NMR, Methylation |
[66] |
Castanea mollissima | Water extraction followed by ethanol extraction purified using anion exchange chromatography | Phenol- sulfuric acid method, High performance gel permeation chromatography (HPGPC) HPLC, FTIR, Methylation analysis |
[67] |
Pueraria lobata | Ethanol extraction followed by cold water extraction followed by further ethanol extraction. Fractions of extracts collected using DEAE-Sepharose chromatography column | Carbohydrate content determined by phenol-sulfuric acid method, HPGPC, Congo red method used to determine triple helix structure. |
[68] |
Ziziphus jujuba Mill | 3 Phase extraction, Aqueous alkaline extraction; acidic precipitation of proteins at their isoelectric point, precipitation of glucans with absolute ethanol |
Megazyme commercial kit, FTIR, Surface structural differences determined using scanning electron microscope. |
[69] |
Tuber melanosporum | Extracted pressurized liquids. Water and ethanol used as extraction solvents. | Analyzed by NMR and Gas chromatography mass spectroscopy GC_MS | [70] |
Phaseolus vulgaris | Sonication of cell wall residue | Gel filtration chromatography, Methylation analysis, NMR |
[71] |
Punica granatum | Alkaline treatment, isoelectric precipitation, alcohol precipitation | FTIR | [72] |
Euglena cantabrica | Pressurized liquid extraction (PLE) using different temperature 40–180 °C using green solvents (ethanol-water) mixtures. | Extracts analyzed by high-pressure size-exclusion chromatography coupled to an evaporative light-scattering detector. | [73] |
Laminaria hyperborea | Hydrothermal assisted extraction—acid extraction, temperature and pressure treatment, filtration and freeze drying. | Concentration calculated using Megazyme commercial kit. | [74] |
Saccharomyces cerevisiae | Hot water Extraction & Enzymatic Treatment; enzymes-protease and lipase | Concentration calculated using Megazyme commercial kit. | [75] |
Saccharomyces cerevisiae | n/a | Congo red assay—colorimetric | [76] |
Saccharomyces cerevisiae | Yeast was cultured in yeast extract-peptone-glucose (YBG) broth to produce ß-glucans. Cells were sonicated. Alkaline-acid extraction used as extraction method. | n/a | [77] |
Saccharomyces cerevisiae | Acid-base extraction method | FTIR analysis of structure, HPLC |
[78] |
Saccharomyces cerevisiae | Cell exposure to hot water (autoclaving), thermally induced autolysis, homogenization in a bead mill, sonication | FTIR, Megazyme commercial kit |
[79] |
Saccharomyces cerevisiae | Alkaline and acidic extraction | FTIR, NMR |
[80] |
Pleurotus eryngii | Water extraction at different temperatures and pressures | High pressure size exclusion chromatography (HPSEC), Gel permeation chromatography (GPC) |
[81] |
Cantharellus tubaeformis | Pressurized hot water extraction (80–240 °C) | Megazyme commercial kit | [82] |
Pleurotus sajor caju | Hot aqueous extraction | NMR spectroscopy, HPSEC, Methylation analysis |
[83] |
Agaricus bisporus, Lentinula edodes and Pleurotus ostreatus | Pressurized water extraction (PWE) | Megazyme commercial kit | [84] |
Mushroom by-products | Mechanical agitation and ultrasound assistance in ethanol/water solutions | Megazyme commercial kit | [85] |
Ganoderma lucidum | Hot water extraction, Soxhlet extraction, ultrasound assisted extraction. | Phenol Sulfuric acid assay, HPGPC, Content and ration of branching determined by enzymatic-HPAEC-PAD detection, FTIR, SEM |
[86] |
Pholiota nameko | Defatting process with cold water, Hot aqueous extraction Enzyme treatment with amylase |
NMR, Methylation |
[87] |
Pleurotus ostreatus | Methanol extraction. Hot water extraction; Acid hydrolysis |
Megazyme commercial kit, GPC, Hydrophilic interaction chromatography |
[88] |
Lentinus edodes- | Orthogonal alkaline extraction with sodium hydroxide—further purification ethanol precipitation and anion exchange chromatography | 1H-NMR High-performance gel permeation chromatography–refractive index–multi-angle laser light scattering (HPGPC-RI-MALLS) Methylation analysis |
[89] |