Organic photodetectors (OPDs) have gained increasing interest as they offer cost-effective fabrication methods using solution processes and a tunable spectral response range, making them particularly attractive for large area image sensors on lightweight flexible substrates. Carrier blocking layers engineering is very important to the high performance of OPDs that can select a certain charge carriers (holes or electrons) to be collected and suppress another carrier. Carrier blocking layers of OPDs play a critical role in reducing dark current, boosting their efficiency and long-time stability.
Materials | Device Structure | Jd (A cm−2) | EQE (%) | D* (Jones) | R (A W−1) | Measurement Conditions | Ref |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
BCP | ITO/PEDOT:PSS/active layer/BCP/Al | 1.1 × 10−9 | - | 1.4 × 1012 | 0.068 | −2 V, @ 800 nm | [13] |
ITO/TPBi/MoO3/C70/active layer/BCP/Al | 2.2 × 10−2 | 68,927 1 | 2.2 × 1012 | 188 | −6 V, @ 345 nm | [14] | |
ITO/PEDOT:PSS/active layer/BCP/Al | 1.3 × 10−5 | 2170 | 8.3 × 1011 | 6.39 | −15 V, @ 360 nm | [15] | |
Bphen | ITO/TAPC:MoO3/active layer/Bphen/Ag | 1.11 × 10−9 | 41.8 | 6.43 × 1012 | 0.121 | −3 V, @ 360 nm | [16] |
ITO/PEDOT:PSS/active layer/BCP/Ag | 4.82 × 10−4 | - | 3.7 × 1011 | - | −1.5 V, @ 350 nm, 0.5 mW cm−2 | [17] | |
ITO/MoO3/CuI/active layer/Bphen/Al | ~10−2 | 400 | 1012 | - | −8 V, @ 870 nm | [18] | |
ITO/PEDOT:PSS/active layer/BCP/Ag | ~10−5 | 43.78 | 2.67 × 1012 | 0.25 | @ 710 nm | [19] | |
ITO/TAPC/active layer/BCP/Ag | 1.15 × 10−9 | 74.6 | 4.14 × 1013 | 0.439 | −2 V, @ 730 nm | [20] | |
PEIE | ITO/PEIE/active layer/MoO3/Ag | 7.7 × 10−9 | 60 | 4.8 × 1012 | 0.24 | −1.5 V, @ 546 nm | [21] |
ITO/PEIE/active layer/Al | 4 × 10−5 | 12,000 | 2.27 × 1012 | 54 | −0.8 V, @ 530 nm | [22] | |
ITO/PEIE/active layer/Au | 7.7 × 10−10 | - | 2.2 × 1013 | 0.32 | −2 V, @ 629 nm | [23] | |
ITO/PEIE/active layer/Al | 2.77 × 10−6 | 3200 | 1.04 × 1012 | 14.25 | −1 V, @ 550 nm | [24] | |
PEDOT:PSS/PEIE/active layer/PEDOT:PSS | 1.5 × 10−10 | 55 | 3.45 × 1013 | - | −5 V, @ 530 nm | [25] | |
PFN | ITO/PFN/active layer/Ag | 5.10 × 10−4 | 67.09 | 2.47 × 1012 | 0.37 | −0.5 V, @ 680 nm | [26] |
ITO/PFN/active layer/Al | ~10−3 | 650 | 1.76 × 1012 | 8.7 | −15 V, @ 520 nm | [27] | |
ITO/PFN/active layer/Al | 1.92 × 10−8 | 208.11 | 9.1 × 1012 | 0.921 | −0.5 V, @ 550 nm | [28] | |
ITO/PEDOT:PSS/active layer/PFN-Br/Ag | ~10−8 | 65 | 1013 | - | −10 V, @ 860 nm | [29] | |
ITO/PEDOT:PSS/active layer/PFN-Br/Al | 4.85 × 10−10 | 56 | 2.61 × 1013 | 0.33 | −0.1 V, 720 nm | [6] | |
PEI | PEDOT:PSS/PEI/active layer/PEDOT:PSS/PEDOT:PSS | ~10−7 | 65 | - | - | −4 V | [30] |
PEDOT:PSS/PEI/active layer/Poly-PT/PEDOT:PSS | ~10−7 | 65 | 2.2 × 1012 | - | −1 V, @ 505 nm | [31] | |
PEDOT:PSS/PEI/active layer/PEDOT:PSS | 5.7 × 10−8 | 46 | 3.35 × 1012 | - | −1 V, @ 525 nm | [32] | |
C60 | ITO/PEDOT:PSS/active layer/C60/Al | 8 × 10−10 | 60 | ~1013 | - | −1 V, @ 532 nm | [33] |
ITO/PEDOT:PSS/active layer/C60/Al | 1.1 × 10−10 | 67.1 | 9.2 × 1012 | 0.38 | −1 V, @ 700 nm | [34] | |
ITO/ZnO/active layer/MoO3/Ag | 6.51 × 10−8 | ~70 | 2.58 × 1011 | 0.48 | −0.1 V, @ 700 nm | [35] | |
Ag/ZnO/active layer/PEDOT:PSS | ~10−10 | - | 2 × 1012 | 0.3 | −1 V, @ 532 nm | [36] | |
ITO/ZnO/active layer/MoO3/Al | 3.9 × 10−9 | 140,000 | 6.3 × 1012 | - | −0.5 V, @ 680 nm | [37] | |
ITO/ZnO/PEIE/active layer/MoO3/Ag | 8.075 × 10−6 | 62 | 3.749 × 1012 | 0.281 | 2 V, @ 680 nm | [38] | |
PEDOT:PSS/ZnO/PEIE/active layer/PEDOT:PSS | 2.11 × 10−8 | ~40 | ~1011 | ~0.17 | 0 V, @ 700 nm | [39] | |
TiO2 | ITO/TiO2/active layer/MoO3/Ag | ~10−7 | - | ~1012 | 0.022 | 0 V, @ 350 nm | [40] |
ITO/TiO2/active layer/Al | 1.09 × 10−7 | 113 | 1.9 × 1012 | 0.5 | −1 V, @ 550 nm | [41] | |
ITO/TiO2/active layer/MoO3/Al | ~10−9 | 94.22 | 2.93 × 1013 | - | 0 V, @ 690 nm | [10] | |
SnO2 | ITO/SnO2/active layer/Al | 2.89 × 10−4 | 1430 | 2.29 × 1013 | 6.97 | −1 V, @ 625 nm | [42] |
ITO/SnO2/active layer/MoO3/Ag | ~10−9 | ~70 | 5.82 × 1012 | - | −1 V, @ 900 nm | [43] | |
Cs2CO3 | ITO/PEDOT:PSS/active layer/Cs2CO3/Al | 2.1 × 10−8 | >100 | 3 × 1012 | - | −3 V, @ 450 nm | [44] |
LiF | ITO/PEDOT:PSS/active layer/LiF/Al | 1.7 × 10−8 | - | - | 0.004 | −3 V, @ solar simulator | [45] |
ITO/PEDOT:PSS/active layer/LiF/Al | 2.7 × 10−7 (−1 V) | 5600 | - | 15.9 | −40 V, @ 360 nm | [46] |
Materials | Device Structure | Jd (A cm−2) | EQE (%) | D* (Jones) | R (A W−1) | Measurement Conditions | Ref |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
TFB | ITO/TFB/active layer/Al | 2 × 10−8 | 35 | 3.34 × 1012 | - | −5 V, @ 900 nm | [47] |
PEDOT:PSS/TFB/active layer/F8TBT/Al | 4 × 10−9 | 20 | - | - | −0.5 V, @ 650 nm | [48] | |
ITO/PEDOT:PSS/TFB/active layer/Al | 8 × 10−9 | 9 | - | - | −0.5 V, @ 530 nm | [49] | |
ITO/TFB/active layer/Al | 3.4 × 10−11 | 82 | 2.19 × 1013 | 0.44 | −5 V, @ 660 nm | [50] | |
TIPS pentacene | ITO/TIPS pentacene/active layer/Al | 1 × 10−9 | 52 | 1.44 × 1013 | - | −5 V, @ 610 nm | [51] |
ITO/TIPS pentacene/active layer/Al | 9 × 10−10 | 80 | 1.63 × 1013 | - | −5 V, @ 530 nm | [52] | |
PEDOT:PSS | ITO/PEDOT:PSS/active layer/Al | ~10−3 | ~250 | ~6 × 1011 | 0.93 | −10 V, @ 400 nm | [53] |
ITO/PEDOT:PSS/active layer/Al | 2.68 × 10−6 | 3.92 × 105 | 1.4 × 1011 | 46.1 | −25 V, @ 510 nm | [54] | |
ITO/PEDOT:PSS/active layer/Al | ~10−7 | 2000 | ~1011 | ~0.4 | −50 V, @ 510 nm | [55] | |
ITO/PEDOT:PSS+ GO–Cys 1/active layer/Al | ~10−10 | - | 5.7 × 1012 | ~0.15 | −0.1 V, @ 620 nm | [56] | |
P3HT | ITO/PEIE/active layer/P3HT/MoO3/Al | ~1.5 × 10−9 | - | 4.15 × 1012 | 0.19 | −0.1 V, @ 525 nm | [57] |
ITO/ZnO/active layer/P3HT/MoO3/Al | 1.1 × 10−8 | 70 | 3.0 × 1012 | 0.34 | −3 V, @ 630 nm | [58] | |
ITO/ZnO/active layer/P3HT/Ag | 9 × 10−5 | - | 6.59 × 1010 | 0.214 | −2 V, @ 630 nm | [59] | |
NiOx | ITO/NiOx/active layer/Yb/Ag | ~10−8 | 53.39 | 2.15 × 1012 | 0.253 | −1 V, @ 525 nm | [60] |
ITO/NiOx/active layer/ZnO/Ag | 3.4 × 10−8 | ~52 | 1.2 × 1012 | 0.25 | −1 V, @ 600 nm | [61] | |
ITO/ZnO:Al/active layer/NiOx/Ag | 1.13 × 10−7 | - | 3.86 × 1012 | 0.74 | −5 V, @ 525 nm | [62] | |
ITO/ZnO:Al/active layer/NiOx/Ag | 8.09 × 10−8 | 81.93 | 2.15 × 1012 | 0.35 | −5 V, @ 525 nm | [63] | |
MoO3 | ITO/ZnO/active layer/MoO3/Ag | 5.9 × 10−9 | - | 3.04 × 1012 | - | −3 V, @ 650 nm | [64] |
Al/ZnO/active layer/MoO3/Ag/MoO3 | 2.95 × 10−7 | 31 | 4.49 × 1011 | 0.14 | −1.5 V, @ 650 nm | [65] | |
Al/PCBM/active layer/MoO3/Ag/MoO3 | 1 × 10−9 | 30 | 6 × 1012 | - | −1 V, @ 500 nm | [66] | |
V2O5 | ITO/PEDOT:PSS + V2O5/active layer/V2O5/Al | 5.53 × 10−3 | - | - | - | −1 V, @ (AM 1.5 G) solar simulator | [67] |
CuSCN | ITO/CuSCN/active layer/LiF/Al | 2.7 × 10−10 | 57.2 | 4.4 × 1013 | 0.4 | −0.1 V, @ 870 nm | [68] |
ITO/CuSCN/active layer/BCP/Mg:Ag | 1 × 10−8 | - | - | - | −1 V | [69] |
This entry is adapted from the peer-reviewed paper 10.3390/nano11061404