Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a complex endocrinopathy, which affects more than 10% of women of reproductive age
[1]. It is the main cause of female infertility due to oligo- or anovulation. Despite such a high incidence, the pathogenesis of PCOS is still unexplained. Some studies suggest that it is due to the genetic factors associated with ovarian steroidogenesis
[2]. According to the Androgen Excess and PCOS Society (AE&PCOS), the diagnosis of PCOS should be based on the presence of clinical and/or biochemical hyperandrogenism (HA) and the ovarian dysfunction defined as menstrual abnormalities (anovulatory oligomenorrhea (AnO)) or/and the presence of the polycystic ovary morphology (PCOM) in the transvaginal ultrasound (TV-US)
[3]. These criteria yield three separate PCOS phenotypes: A, B, and C. Phenotype A includes all the three features (HA, AnO, and PCOM) whereas phenotype B and C only two (HA and AnO or HA and PCOM, respectively). However, regarding Rotterdam criteria, the fourth phenotype (D) was separated to comprise AnO and PCOM presence. The clinical symptoms of hyperandrogenism include hirsutism (present in 60% of women), androgenic alopecia, and acne, which negatively affect women’s psyche, their femininity and lead to low self-esteem and depression
[4]. In addition to the reproductive and endocrine dysfunction, PCOS is characterized by intrinsic insulin resistance (IR), which lead to the development of the metabolic syndrome (MetS) and its consequences such as disturbed carbohydrate metabolism and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Most common clinical manifestation in PCOS is abdominal obesity, which is involved in the development of dyslipidemia, arterial hypertension (AH), as well as non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD)
[5][6][7][8]. These in turn lead to the development of cardiovascular disease (CVD), which still remains the main cause of death among women
[9]. The clinical picture of this complex endocrinopathy was presented in . Therefore, the treatment of PCOS focuses not only on the symptoms of hyperandrogenism and infertility, but also on improving IR and its metabolic consequences
[10]. Thus, there is a need for a better understanding of the pathomechanisms of this complex disorder through the identification of potential biomarkers with the use of new, non-invasive and specific methods. In recent years, one of the developing scientific approaches is metabolomics
[11].