Hydroxyurea (HU) is a non-alkylating agent administered for the management of different types of cancer or sickle cell disease.
HU has a cytostatic action, blocking cell cycle in S-phase and also inducing double-stranded breaks in DNA.
HU is generally well tolerated, however its widespread use has revealed the presence of adverse events related to tissues that have a high cellular turnover.
Study | Study Type | Reported Case | Sex | Age | Underlying Disease | Driver Mutation Gene | HU Dose (g/daily) | Duration of Treatment (months) | Toxicity Type | Site | Biopsy Performed | HU Discontinued | Intervention Type | Vascular Insufficiency | Sun Exposure |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Antar, 2014[4] | Case report | 1 | F | 60 | ET | JAK2 | n/r | 60 | SSC | Leg | Yes | Yes | Surgical excision | n/r | n/r |
Bader, 2000[5] | Case series | 3 | 1 F, 3 M | 84.6 | 2 PV, 1ET, | n/r | 0.66 (0.5–1) | 18–96 | Ulcers | Leg | Yes (2) | Yes (2) | Oral steroid and skin split graft (1) | 3 | n/r |
Best, 1998[6] | Case series | 10 | 5 F, 4 M | 64.1 | 5 PV, 2ET, 2 MF, 1 u-MPN | n/r | 1.5 (1–2) | 84 (3–15) | Ulcers | Diffuse | Yes | n/r | n/r | n/r | n/r |
Butler, 2014[7] | Case report | 1 | M | 64 | PV | JAK2 | 1.5 | 36 | Acral erythema | Hand/foot | No | n/r | n/r | n/r | n/r |
Callot-Mellot, 1996[8] | Case series | 5 | 3 F, 2 M | 71 (64–76) | 2 PV, 3 ET | n/r | n/r | 78 (24–120) | 2 SCC, 3 BCC, actinic keratosis (5) | n/r | Yes | Yes | n/r | n/r | n/r |
Cohen, 1999[9] | Case report | 1 | F | 70 | PV | n/r | 2–4 | 48 | Melanonychia | Fingernails and toenails | No | Yes | n/r | n/r | n/r |
Daoud, 1997[10] | Case series | 3 | n/v | 56-69 | 1 PV, 2 ET | n/r | n/v | 61 (55–79) | 3 ulcers, 1 poikilodermatous eruption | Palms, toes, dorsal feet, ankles | Yes | Yes | n/r | n/r | n/r |
De Benedettis, 2004[11] | Case report | 1 | M | 66 | PV | n/r | 1 | 204 | Ulcers, SCC | Leg, oral SCC | Yes | Yes | Surgical excision | n/r | n/r |
Demicray, 2002[12] | Case series | 3 | 3 F | 61.6 (56–65) | 3 ET | n/r | 1 | 50 (6–84) | Ulcers | Leg | Yes (2) | Yes (1/3) | Oral steroids | 2/3 | n/r |
Esteve, 2001[13] | Case report | 1 | F | 83 | PV | n/r | n/r | 156 | Actinic keratosis, SCC | Hands | Yes | Yes | Surgical excision | n/r | n/r |
Hernandez-Martin, 1999[14] | Case report | 1 | M | 78 | ET | n/r | 1 | 5 | Melanonychia | Fingernails and toenails | No | No | None | n/r | n/r |
Hirri, 2001[15] | Case Report | 1 | M | 66 | u-MPN | n/r | 1.5 | 8 | Ulcers | Leg | No | Yes | None | n/r | n/r |
Hoff, 2009[16] | Case report | 1 | F | 68 | PV | n/r | n/r | 96 | Ulcers, actinic keratosis, SCC | Leg, head | Yes | Yes | Surgical excision, cryotherapy | No | n/r |
Hwang, 2009[17] | Case report | 1 | M | 75 | ET | n/r | 2 | 48 | Ulcers, melanonychia | Leg, fingernails and toenails | Yes | Yes | None | n/r | n/r |
Kelly, 1994[18] | Case report | 1 | M | 61 | PV | n/r | 1.5–2 | 72 | Actinic keratosis, BCC | Diffuse | Yes | No | Surgical excision, topical steroids | n/r | Yes |
Kluger, 2011[19] | Case report | 1 | F | 74 | ET | n/r | 0.6 | 36 | Melanonychia | Toenails | No | No | None | n/r | n/r |
Kwong, 1996[20] | Case report | 1 | F | 69 | ET | n/r | 2–3 | 6 | Melanonychia | Fingernails and Toenails | No | n/r | None | n/r | n/r |
Simeonovski, 2018[21] | Case report | 1 | M | 52 | ET | n/r | 1.5 | >120 | Perimalleolar and nummular lesions, actinic keratosis, BCC | Less, arms, nose | Yes | Yes | Surgical excision, cryotherapy | n/r | n/r |
Accurso, 2019[22] | Case report | 1 | F | 72 | MPN | JAK2 | n/r | ≈84 | Desquamative dermatitis | Diffuse facial | No | Yes | Topical and systemic steroids | n/r | n/r |
This entry is adapted from the peer-reviewed paper 10.3390/ijms21113900