The harmfuel emissions emitted from theconventional cars mainly include carbon monoxide (CO), hydrocarbons (HC), NOx and PM, as well as a small amount of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) such as benzen and aldehydes, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), and some harmful trace heavy metals. Especially for some old vehicles, their emissions are huge due to poorly maintained and designed, which may contribute disproportionately to total emissions. Benzene and formaldehyde are the most common carcinogenic and highly toxic pollutants in VOCs and they can quickly damage the human respiratory system. In addition, with sufficient illumination, aphotochemical reaction between VOCs and NOx produces ozone, which also threatens human health as well as that of animals and plants . Therefore, it's very important to find a new and efficient technology to control these pollutants.

The application of nanomaterials has become more and more widespread with the rapid development of science and technology. Electrospinning, as one of the technologies for preparing nanomaterials, has the advantages of simple equipment and easy manipulation. In this study, fly ash (FA), polyacrylonitrile (PAN), and silver nitrate (AgNO3) were melted in a N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF) solution according to a certain ratio, and then were spun into a multifunctional nanofiber materials, which had the ability to adsorb VOCs in air and heavy metal ions in waste water. The ability of heavy metal ions. In addition, they also showed excellent antimicrobial activity on Gram-negative Escherichia coli (E. coli) (ATCC 52922) and Gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) (ATCC 29231) bacteria.