Agricultural residues refer to the organic materials remaining from crop cultivation, livestock production, forestry, and other agricultural activities that are not retained as the primary harvested products ^[1][2]. They include crop residues such as straw, stalks, leaves, husks, roots, and pruning materials, as well as livestock manure, forestry residues, and processing by-products. These materials contain varying proportions of cellulose, hemicellulose, lignin, organic carbon, and mineral nutrients, with their composition depending on the biological origin and production conditions ^[1][3]. In agricultural ecosystems, residues serve as important sources of organic matter and nutrients, supporting soil microbial activity, nutrient cycling, soil structure, and moisture retention through decomposition and biological transformation ^[2][3]. Their ecological functions and subsequent utilization depend on residue characteristics, decomposition rates, and environmental conditions. Agricultural residues can be retained in fields, incorporated into soil, composted, used as animal feed, or converted into bioenergy and other bio-based products. Their management influences ecosystem functioning, soil fertility, biodiversity, and the sustainability of agricultural production systems ^[1][2].