Economic security refers to the condition in which individuals, households, or nations possess the resources, institutional capacities, and resilience necessary to maintain economic well-being and withstand adverse economic shocks. At the individual and household levels, it concerns vulnerability to economic loss, particularly the likelihood and consequences of income reductions, unemployment, and other disruptions, together with the availability of protective mechanisms such as savings, insurance, and social protection ^[1][2]. At the national level, it concerns the capacity to safeguard economic stability, strategic resources, critical infrastructure, and essential supply chains against internal and external threats ^[3][4]. Economic security therefore extends beyond current income or aggregate economic performance to encompass exposure to risks and the capacity to prevent, absorb, and recover from economic disruptions.