Gene expression regulation is the control of the production, processing, localization, and persistence of functional gene products. Regulatory events act at multiple stages between a DNA sequence and its RNA or protein products. Chemical modifications of RNA can alter transcript processing, recognition, translation, and turnover through interactions with proteins that install, remove, or bind the modifications. Protein abundance reflects both RNA availability and the rates of protein synthesis and degradation [1][2]. Alternative splicing regulates which RNA segments are retained in mature transcripts through sequence signals and associated regulatory proteins [3]. Intracellular RNA transport further positions transcripts at particular cellular sites, where local translation establishes spatial patterns of protein production. These interconnected processes give gene expression temporal, quantitative, and spatial organization [4][5].
- gene regulation
- transcriptional control
- translation
- cell identity
References
- Ian A. Roundtree; Molly E. Evans; Tao Pan; Chuan He; Dynamic RNA Modifications in Gene Expression Regulation. Cell 2017, 169, 1187-1200, 10.1016/j.cell.2017.05.045.
- Yansheng Liu; Andreas Beyer; Ruedi Aebersold; On the Dependency of Cellular Protein Levels on mRNA Abundance. Cell 2016, 165, 535-550, 10.1016/j.cell.2016.03.014.
- Christopher W.J Smith; Juan Valcárcel; Alternative pre-mRNA splicing: the logic of combinatorial control. Trends Biochem. Sci. 2000, 25, 381-388, 10.1016/s0968-0004(00)01604-2.
- Sulagna Das; Maria Vera; Valentina Gandin; Robert H. Singer; Evelina Tutucci; Intracellular mRNA transport and localized translation. Nat. Rev. Mol. Cell Biol. 2021, 22, 483-504, 10.1038/s41580-021-00356-8.
- Maite Blanco-Urrejola; Adhara Gaminde-Blasco; María Gamarra; Aida de la Cruz; Elena Vecino; Elena Alberdi; Jimena Baleriola; RNA Localization and Local Translation in Glia in Neurological and Neurodegenerative Diseases: Lessons from Neurons. Cells 2021, 10, 632, 10.3390/cells10030632.