A membrane enzyme is an enzyme whose functional organization includes association with a biological lipid membrane. Membrane-associated phospholipases bind lipid interfaces and position their catalytic sites to act on phospholipid substrates [1]. Membrane adenylyl cyclases connect signals received at the cell surface with conversion of intracellular ATP to cyclic AMP [2]. The membrane environment also places lipid substrates beside catalytic regions that receive soluble reactants from an adjacent aqueous compartment [3]. In ATP synthase, a membrane-associated ion-translocation system is mechanically coupled to catalytic subunits that form ATP [4]. These arrangements connect enzyme chemistry to membrane topology. Substrate access, orientation of domains, and interactions with surrounding lipids establish how the enzyme operates at or across the bilayer [5].
- membrane proteins
- lipid bilayer
- electron transfer
- catalysis
Lipid Membrane Structure and Behavior·Molecular Biology·Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology·Life Sciences
References
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- Dina Schuster; Basavraj Khanppnavar; Ilayda Kantarci; Ved Mehta; Volodymyr M. Korkhov; Structural insights into membrane adenylyl cyclases, initiators of cAMP signaling. Trends Biochem. Sci. 2023, 49, 156-168, 10.1016/j.tibs.2023.12.002.
- Xiuying Liu; Yan Yin; Jinjun Wu; Zhenfeng Liu; Structure and mechanism of an intramembrane liponucleotide synthetase central for phospholipid biosynthesis. Nat. Commun. 2014, 5, 4244, 10.1038/ncomms5244.
- Paul D. Boyer; THE ATP SYNTHASE—A SPLENDID MOLECULAR MACHINE. Annu. Rev. Biochem. 1997, 66, 717-749, 10.1146/annurev.biochem.66.1.717.
- María Laura Fanani; Ernesto Esteban Ambroggio; Phospholipases and Membrane Curvature: What Is Happening at the Surface?. Membranes 2023, 13, 190, 10.3390/membranes13020190.