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Enzyme Induction: History
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Contributor: Yu Peng

Enzyme induction is a regulated cellular process in which the production of a specific enzyme increases in response to an external or internal signal. The process operates through signal-responsive control of gene expression, linking the recognition of an inducing condition to the transcription of the corresponding enzyme-coding sequence [1]. Inducible expression can be achieved through altered recruitment of the transcription machinery to the promoter, signal-dependent chromatin remodeling, or the release of a paused RNA polymerase into productive elongation. In microbial systems, a chemical or environmental signal acts through a responsive promoter and its associated regulatory proteins to activate transcription of the downstream enzyme gene [2]. The induced response can also encompass changes in transcriptional elongation and in the processing of the newly synthesized messenger RNA [3]. The resulting transcripts serve as templates for translation, and the polypeptide products subsequently undergo folding and any required maturation to yield active enzyme molecules. The cellular abundance of the enzyme therefore rises as induced synthesis proceeds in balance with the ongoing turnover of transcripts and proteins [1].

  • inducible expression
  • enzyme synthesis
  • regulatory signals
  • transcriptional activation

References

  1. X. Ding; Q-Y. Zhang. Enzyme Regulation; Elsevier: Amsterdam, NX, Netherlands, 2018; pp. 8-44. [CrossRef]
  2. Daniel M. Linares; Patricia Alvarez-Sieiro; Beatriz del Rio; Victor Ladero; Begoña Redruello; Mª Cruz Martin; Maria Fernandez; Miguel A. Alvarez; Implementation of the Agmatine-controlled Expression System for Inducible Gene Expression in Lactococcus lactis. Microb. Cell Fact. 2015, 14, 1-12, 10.1186/s12934-015-0399-x.
  3. Leighton Core; Karen Adelman; Promoter-proximal Pausing of RNA Polymerase II: A Nexus of Gene Regulation. Genes Dev. 2019, 33, 960-982, 10.1101/gad.325142.119.
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