Enzyme inducers are chemical signals that increase the production of particular enzymes through a cellular gene-regulatory response [1][2]. Signal recognition is transmitted to the expression machinery through changes in regulatory proteins, promoter activity, or progression of transcription [1][3]. Inducible systems link a responsive regulatory element to an enzyme-coding sequence so that exposure to the signal changes the timing or level of expression [3]. Chemically responsive microbial promoters can recognize distinct inputs through their corresponding regulatory components [4]. Nutrient-responsive networks further coordinate induction of metabolic enzymes with the availability of preferred carbon sources [5]. The response includes transcription, translation, and maturation of newly synthesized protein [3]. Its time course reflects entry and processing of the signal together with accumulation and turnover of the enzyme [1][2][3].
- induction signals
- regulatory ligands
- enzyme expression
- cellular sensing
References
- Vikki M. Weake; Jerry L. Workman; Inducible Gene Expression: Diverse Regulatory Mechanisms. Nat. Rev. Genet. 2010, 11, 426-437, 10.1038/nrg2781.
- Allan B. Okey; Paul C. Boutros; Patricia A. Harper; Polymorphisms of Human Nuclear Receptors that Control Expression of Drug-metabolizing Enzymes. Pharmacogenetics Genom. 2005, 15, 371-379, 10.1097/01213011-200506000-00001.
- Jurjen Duintjer Tebbens; Malek Azar; Elfriede Friedmann; Martin Lanzendörfer; Petr Pávek; Mathematical Models in the Description of Pregnane X Receptor (PXR)-Regulated Cytochrome P450 Enzyme Induction. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2018, 19, 1785, 10.3390/ijms19061785.
- Xinyue Li; Youzhi Su; Yangzi Zhang; Yuan Su; Chao Ji; Wenjie Zheng; Ru Meng; Wenbiao Shi; Longjiao Zhu; Wentao Xu; et al. Advancing Synthetic Biology with Engineered Chemically Inducible Gene Regulatory Systems. Biotechnol. Adv. 2026, 92, 108963, 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2026.108963.
- Elisabeth Sonnleitner; A Comparative Analysis: Molecular Mechanisms of Carbon Catabolite Repression in Bacteria. Annu. Rev. Microbiol. 2025, 79, 241-262, 10.1146/annurev-micro-050624-031622.