Exoenzymes are enzymes synthesized within a cell and subsequently transported across the cell envelope to carry out catalysis in the extracellular environment [1][2]. Their catalytic action is directed toward substrates located outside the producing cell, commonly mediating the hydrolysis of macromolecular polymers into smaller constituents available for cellular uptake [1][3]. The defining features of an exoenzyme are its extracellular site of function and a secretion-competent biosynthetic route, which typically involves an N-terminal signal peptide that routes the polypeptide to the Sec translocon or an equivalent export machinery [4]. In biotechnological production, exoenzymes are released by microbial or fungal host cells into the culture medium, a configuration that simplifies recovery of the target enzyme from the extracellular fluid [2][4]. The essential components of exoenzyme production are the enzyme structural gene, a functional signal sequence, the host cell’s secretion apparatus, and accessory factors that maintain the polypeptide in an export-competent state [2][3].
- Extracellular enzyme
- secretion
- signal peptide
- hydrolytic enzyme
- enzyme recovery
References
- Farzad Rahmati; Debadatta Sethi; Weixi Shu; Behnam Asgari Lajayer; Mohammad Mosaferi; Allan Thomson; G.W. Price; Advances in Microbial Exoenzymes Bioengineering for Improvement of Bioplastics Degradation. Chemosphere 2024, 355, 141749, 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.141749.
- Laura Zucconi; Fabiana Canini; Marta Elisabetta Temporiti; Solveig Tosi; Extracellular Enzymes and Bioactive Compounds from Antarctic Terrestrial Fungi for Bioprospecting. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2020, 17, 6459, 10.3390/ijerph17186459.
- Chiara Rossi; Francesca Maggio; Clemencia Chaves-López; Luca Valbonetti; Marco Berrettoni; Antonello Paparella; Annalisa Serio; Effectiveness of Selected Essential Oils and One Hydrolate to Prevent and Remove Listeria monocytogenes Biofilms on Polystyrene and Stainless Steel Food-contact Surfaces. J. Appl. Microbiol. 2021, 132, 1866-1876, 10.1111/jam.15376.
- Roland Freudl; Signal Peptides for Recombinant Protein Secretion in Bacterial Expression Systems. Microb. Cell Fact. 2018, 17, 1-10, 10.1186/s12934-018-0901-3.