Primary sector agriculture refers to agricultural activities that directly use land, water, biological resources, and other natural inputs to produce primary agricultural commodities. Its principal activities include crop cultivation, livestock rearing, and the production of agricultural raw materials before industrial processing ^[1][2]. Depending on the classification framework, related primary production activities such as forestry, capture fisheries, and aquaculture may be included in the broader primary sector, although they are not always classified as agriculture itself ^[1]. Agricultural production encompasses both food commodities, such as grains, fruits, vegetables, milk, and meat, and non-food outputs, such as cotton and other plant-based raw materials ^[2]. The sector is characterized by the direct management of biological production processes, which depend on land and other natural resources as well as labor, capital, technology, and farm management decisions ^[2]. It is distinct from the secondary sector, which transforms primary commodities into processed products, and the tertiary sector, which provides services such as wholesale distribution, retailing, and financial intermediation. Primary sector agriculture therefore refers to the production stage of agriculture rather than the entire agri-food value chain.