^[1]A grammatical subject is a syntactic constituent that occupi10.1017/CBO9780511619427.003es the subject position in a clause and is structurally related to the predicate through grammatical relations such as agreement, case marking, or positional properties ^[2]. In linguistic analysis, the subject is identified as a clause-level element whose grammatical behavior is determined by the syntactic system of a language rather than solely by semantic notions such as agency or topic ^[2]. The grammatical subject is distinct from related concepts such as the semantic agent, which refers to the participant performing an action, and the discourse topic, which refers to the entity a speaker presents as the main focus of information.