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Template Synthesis: History
Please note this is an old version of this entry, which may differ significantly from the current revision.
Subjects: Chemistry, Organic
Contributor: Helena Kang

Template synthesis is an assembly strategy in which a molecular or ionic template organizes reactive components into a geometry that favors formation of a particular covalent or coordinative product. Binding of the components to the template reduces the configurational freedom of the reacting system and increases the effective proximity and orientation of complementary sites, commonly promoting macrocyclization over oligomerization or polymerization [1]. Templates may be metal ions, anions, neutral guests, or preorganized molecular scaffolds, and their influence may be kinetic, thermodynamic, or both. In a true template process, product selectivity depends on specific host–guest or coordination interactions during bond formation; a reagent that merely catalyzes a reaction without organizing the product-forming components is not a template [2]. The template can remain bound in the isolated complex or be removed after assembly. The concept also differs from a protecting group, which masks reactivity rather than prescribing the spatial relationship among multiple building blocks.

  • template synthesis
  • molecular recognition
  • macrocyclization
  • self-assembly

Synthetic Organic Chemistry Methods • Organic Chemistry • Chemistry • Physical Sciences

References

  1. Oleg V. Mikhailov; Template Synthesis (Self-Assembly) of Macrocycles: Theory and Practice. Mol. 2022, 27, 4829, 10.3390/molecules27154829.
  2. Peter Bolgar; Mohit Dhiman; Diego Núñez-Villanueva; Christopher A. Hunter; Covalent Template-Directed Synthesis: A Powerful Tool for the Construction of Complex Molecules. Chem. Rev. 2025, 125, 1629-1657, 10.1021/acs.chemrev.4c00505.
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