Enzyme engineering is the systematic alteration or design of an enzyme's molecular sequence, structure, or associated functional properties to generate enzyme variants with specified biochemical characteristics. It operates through controlled exploration of protein sequence and structural space using strategies including rational design, directed evolution, semi-rational design, computational protein design, and combinations of these approaches ^[1][2][3]. Rational strategies use structural, mechanistic, sequence, or computational information to identify molecular changes, whereas evolutionary methodologies generate genetic diversity followed by screening or selection of variants possessing specified phenotypes ^[1][2]. Semi-rational methods restrict diversification to residues or regions selected using prior structural or functional information ^[2]. The properties addressed within enzyme engineering can include catalytic activity, substrate specificity, selectivity, stability, cofactor dependence, reaction scope, expression, and other molecular characteristics of the enzyme. Iterative engineering commonly consists of sequence diversification or design, production of enzyme variants, functional characterization or selection, identification of advantageous sequence–function relationships, and subsequent rounds of molecular refinement ^[2][3].