Social cost-benefit analysis refers to an economic evaluation method that assesses the overall effects of policies, projects, or interventions on social welfare by comparing their total social costs and benefits . Unlike private financial analysis, which mainly considers direct costs and returns to specific organizations or individuals, social cost-benefit analysis incorporates broader impacts on society, including environmental effects, health outcomes, resource allocation, and distributional consequences ^[1]. The approach involves identifying relevant costs and benefits, estimating their values where possible, and comparing alternative options based on their contributions to overall social welfare ^[2]. Because many social and environmental impacts are not directly reflected in market prices, social cost-benefit analysis often applies economic valuation methods to estimate the value of non-market goods and services, such as ecosystem benefits, environmental quality, and public health improvements ^[1][2]. It is widely used in public policy, environmental economics, infrastructure planning, and regulatory evaluation to support decisions that consider both efficiency and broader societal impacts.