Adaptation to climate change refers to the process through which human and natural systems adjust to actual or expected climatic changes and their associated impacts in order to reduce vulnerability, minimize risks, and enhance resilience ^[1][2]. Within the framework of climate change and sustainable development, adaptation encompasses a wide range of technological, ecological, institutional, and behavioral responses, including climate-resilient infrastructure, ecosystem-based management, improved resource governance, and adjustments in production systems ^[2]. Unlike climate change mitigation, which focuses on reducing greenhouse gas emissions, adaptation primarily addresses the consequences of climate variability and long-term climatic shifts by strengthening the adaptive capacity of societies and ecosystems ^[1][3]. The effectiveness of adaptation strategies depends on local environmental conditions, socioeconomic resources, governance capacity, and technological availability, making adaptation inherently context-specific and dynamic ^[1][3]. By reducing exposure and sensitivity to climate-related hazards while enhancing resilience, adaptation represents a critical pathway for achieving sustainable development under ongoing global climate change ^[2].