An agricultural market is an economic institution and exchange system through which agricultural commodities, inputs, and related services are traded among producers, consumers, processors, distributors, and other market participants. It describes the mechanisms through which agricultural products are supplied, demanded, priced, and allocated under specific market structures and institutional arrangements ^[1]. Agricultural markets encompass commodity markets, factor markets, and marketing systems that connect agricultural production with consumption through processes such as exchange, price discovery, distribution, and contracting ^[2]. Unlike general commodity markets, agricultural markets are shaped by the distinctive characteristics of agricultural production, including biological production cycles, seasonal supply fluctuations, spatial separation between production and consumption, and quality heterogeneity of agricultural goods ^[3]. Within agricultural economics, the concept primarily focuses on the economic organization and performance of agricultural exchange systems, including market structure, competition, pricing behavior, transaction mechanisms, and the transmission of market information ^[1][4][1,4]. It differs from agricultural production economics, which examines resource allocation and production decisions at the farm level, by emphasizing interactions among market participants and the functioning of exchange relationships.