An offline social network consists of the interpersonal relationships and social ties that individuals maintain through face-to-face or otherwise non-digital interactions ^[1][2]. It may include connections with family members, friends, colleagues, neighbors, community members, and other people encountered through social, educational, professional, or community settings ^[1][2]. These networks vary in size, structure, frequency of interaction, and strength of relationships, and may provide access to emotional, informational, practical, and other forms of social support ^[3]. Offline social networks can also facilitate the exchange of resources, knowledge, social norms, and opportunities, thereby contributing to the formation and maintenance of social capital. Although distinguished from relationships established or maintained primarily through digital platforms, offline and online social networks may overlap as individuals use different modes of communication to maintain social relationships ^[4]. Offline social networks therefore represent socially embedded relationships and connections through which individuals interact and exchange resources in physical social settings.