Bilingual education is an educational approach in which instruction and learning activities are systematically organized to use two languages as media of teaching across part or all of the curriculum ^[1][2][3][4]. It refers to programs where students receive content instruction (such as literacy, mathematics, or social studies) in both a primary language and a second or additional language, with planned distributions of time, subject matter, and language functions between the two languages ^[1][2][4]. Bilingual education is characterized by the structured use of both languages for academic learning, rather than treating one language solely as a subject and the other as the exclusive medium of instruction ^[2][3][4]. Within language education, bilingual education denotes a specific form of schooling in which bilingualism is an explicit organizational principle of curriculum and pedagogy, and where the two languages are maintained, developed, or acquired through formal, ongoing classroom use.