
My work across all articles shows that chronic disease management is significantly disrupted when health data remains fragmented, scattered across incompatible systems, and without semantic alignment. I emphasize that true continuity of care requires strong interoperability frameworks such as HL7 FHIR, SNOMED CT, LOINC, OMOP, and GA4GH, supported by ontology-driven semantic models. These frameworks are essential to connect, standardize, and harmonize clinical, phenotypic, genomic, and patient-generated data. The core message in my work is that integrated, interoperable, and ontology-aligned data ecosystems form the foundation for effective long-term chronic care, precision medicine, AI-enabled decision support, and equitable patient-centered healthcare.
1. Challenges and Strategies in Building a Foundational Digital Health Data Integration Ecosystem (Systematic Review)
This review shows that chronic disease management is heavily affected by fragmented EHR systems, inconsistent standards, and poor cross-system data exchange. It highlights how interoperability failures—such as misaligned HL7 FHIR, SNOMED CT, and LOINC implementations—directly delay coordinated care for chronic conditions. The review proposes ontology-based semantic alignment, standardized APIs, and PCC-driven tools to harmonize clinical, PGHD, and genomic data. The entire paper argues that overcoming fragmentation is essential for long-term chronic care, precision medicine, and secure genomic integration.
Chronic disease care fails without interoperable, standardized, and harmonized data streams.
https://doi.org/10.3389/frhs.2025.1600689
2. Epidemiological / Chronic Condition Article (Long COVID & Chronic Care Themes)
This article emphasizes how chronic conditions—particularly long COVID—expose the weaknesses of fragmented health data infrastructures. It explains that long-term monitoring, symptom tracking, and follow-up care require unified data flows that current siloed systems cannot provide. The study calls for integrated clinical–phenotypic–genomic datasets to support disease evolution tracking, recurrence prediction, and personalized long-term management.
Long COVID proves that chronic disease management collapses when health data remains fragmented and non-interoperable.
https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2024.1347623
3. Advancing the Management of Long COVID by Integrating into the Health Informatics Domain
This article focuses on chronic, post-acute conditions and highlights why long COVID patients experience care delays: disjointed clinical records, incomplete symptom histories, and non-standardized reporting across hospitals. It argues that HL7 FHIR and ontology-driven integration can unify longitudinal patient data, track symptom progression, and support personalized, long-term care plans. It also emphasizes the importance of patient-generated data for ongoing symptom monitoring.
For long-term conditions like long COVID, integrated and interoperable health data is essential for continuity of care.
https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20196836
4. Ontologies as the Semantic Bridge Between AI and Healthcare
This perspective article explains how ontologies fight data fragmentation by creating a semantic bridge between clinical, genomic, phenotypic, and multi-modal datasets. It shows how AI cannot function safely in chronic disease environments without ontologies that standardize terminology, align concepts, and harmonize cross-system data. The paper stresses that interoperability requires more than FHIR—it needs semantic mapping, ontology alignment, and ethical/secure frameworks for integrated chronic care models.
Ontologies are the technical backbone for eliminating fragmentation and enabling AI-supported chronic disease management.
https://doi.org/10.3389/fdgth.2025.1668385