Encyclopedia
oncostatin M receptor
- genes
1. Introduction
The OSMR gene provides instructions for making a protein called oncostatin M receptor beta subunit (OSMRβ). This protein is one piece (subunit) of both the oncostatin M (OSM) receptor type II and the interleukin-31 (IL-31) receptor. These receptors are embedded in the cell membrane of many types of cells throughout the body. Each attaches to a particular protein, fitting together like a lock and its key. This attachment triggers a series of chemical signals inside the cell that directs certain cell functions.
OSM receptor type II interacts with a protein called oncostatin M (OSM). Signaling triggered by OSM was first recognized to block the growth of cancerous cells and appears to play a role in many other body processes, including the development of blood cells, the maturation of cells to become certain cell types, and an immune system response called inflammation. The signaling may also block the self-destruction (apoptosis) of cells.
The IL-31 receptor interacts with a protein called IL-31. Signaling triggered by IL-31 is involved in inflammation and stimulating itching (pruritus), although its role is not completely understood.
2. Health Conditions Related to Genetic Changes
2.1. Primary localized cutaneous amyloidosis
At least 13 mutations in the OSMR gene have been found to cause primary localized cutaneous amyloidosis (PLCA) type 1, an itchy skin condition in which clumps of abnormal proteins called amyloids build up in the skin. These mutations change single protein building blocks (amino acids) in OSMRβ. Most alter a region of the protein thought to interact with the other subunit of the OSM receptor type II or the IL-31 receptor and may impair formation of these receptors.
OSMR gene mutations reduce the chemical signals triggered by OSM and IL-31. Researchers speculate that this reduced signaling may make cells more likely to undergo apoptosis. Some studies suggest that apoptosis of skin cells releases abnormal proteins that form amyloids. It has been suggested that apoptosis is triggered by scratching the itchy skin, but the role of OSMR gene changes in skin itching is not clear.
3. Other Names for This Gene
- IL-31 receptor subunit beta
- IL-31R subunit beta
- IL-31R-beta
- IL-31RB
- interleukin-31 receptor subunit beta
- oncostatin-M specific receptor beta subunit
- OSMRB
- PLCA1
This entry is adapted from the peer-reviewed paper https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/gene/osmr
References
- Arita K, South AP, Hans-Filho G, Sakuma TH, Lai-Cheong J, Clements S, OdashiroM, Odashiro DN, Hans-Neto G, Hans NR, Holder MV, Bhogal BS, Hartshorne ST,Akiyama M, Shimizu H, McGrath JA. Oncostatin M receptor-beta mutations underliefamilial primary localized cutaneous amyloidosis. Am J Hum Genet. 2008Jan;82(1):73-80. doi: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2007.09.002.
- Chang YT, Wong CK, Chow KC, Tsai CH. Apoptosis in primary cutaneousamyloidosis. Br J Dermatol. 1999 Feb;140(2):210-5.
- Hermanns HM. Oncostatin M and interleukin-31: Cytokines, receptors, signaltransduction and physiology. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev. 2015 Oct;26(5):545-58.doi: 10.1016/j.cytogfr.2015.07.006.
- Lin MW, Lee DD, Liu TT, Lin YF, Chen SY, Huang CC, Weng HY, Liu YF, Tanaka A, Arita K, Lai-Cheong J, Palisson F, Chang YT, Wong CK, Matsuura I, McGrath JA,Tsai SF. Novel IL31RA gene mutation and ancestral OSMR mutant allele in familial primary cutaneous amyloidosis. Eur J Hum Genet. 2010 Jan;18(1):26-32. doi:10.1038/ejhg.2009.135.
- Wali A, Liu L, Takeichi T, Jelani M, Rahman OU, Heng YK, Thng S, Lee J,Akiyama M, McGrath JA, Betz RC. Familial primary localized cutaneous amyloidosis results from either dominant or recessive mutations in OSMR. Acta Derm Venereol. 2015 Nov;95(8):1005-7. doi: 10.2340/00015555-2104.
