Encyclopedia
NIPBL, cohesin loading factor
- genes
1. Introduction
The NIPBL gene provides instructions for making a protein called delangin, which plays an important role in human development. Before birth, delangin is found in the developing arms and legs, the bones of the skull and face, the spinal column, the heart, and other parts of the body.
Delangin helps control the activity of chromosomes during cell division. Before cells divide, they must copy all of their chromosomes. The copied DNA from each chromosome is arranged into two identical structures, called sister chromatids. The sister chromatids are attached to one another during the early stages of cell division by a group of proteins known as the cohesin complex. Delangin plays a critical role in the regulation of this complex. Specifically, it controls the interaction between the cohesion complex and the DNA that makes up the sister chromatids.
Researchers believe that delangin, as a regulator of the cohesin complex, also plays important roles in stabilizing cells' genetic information, repairing damaged DNA, and controlling the activity of certain genes that are essential for normal development.
2. Health Conditions Related to Genetic Changes
2.1. Cornelia de Lange syndrome
More than 300 mutations in the NIPBL gene have been identified in people with Cornelia de Lange syndrome, a developmental disorder that affects many parts of the body. Mutations in this gene are the most common known cause of Cornelia de Lange syndrome, accounting for more than half of all cases.
Many different kinds of NIPBL gene mutations have been reported; most lead to the production of an abnormally short (truncated), nonfunctional version of the delangin protein from one copy of the gene in each cell. These mutations reduce the overall amount of delangin produced in cells, which likely alters the activity of the cohesin complex and impairs its ability to regulate genes that are critical for normal development. Although researchers do not fully understand how these changes cause Cornelia de Lange syndrome, they suspect that altered gene regulation probably underlies many of the developmental problems characteristic of the condition. Studies suggest that mutations leading to a nonfunctional version of delangin tend to cause more severe signs and symptoms than mutations that result in a partially functional version of the protein.
3. Other Names for This Gene
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CDLS
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IDN3
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IDN3-B
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NIPBL_HUMAN
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Nipped-B homolog (Drosophila)
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Nipped-B-like
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Scc2
This entry is adapted from the peer-reviewed paper https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/gene/nipbl
References
- Borck G, Redon R, Sanlaville D, Rio M, Prieur M, Lyonnet S, Vekemans M, CarterNP, Munnich A, Colleaux L, Cormier-Daire V. NIPBL mutations and geneticheterogeneity in Cornelia de Lange syndrome. J Med Genet. 2004 Dec;41(12):e128.
- Cheng YW, Tan CA, Minor A, Arndt K, Wysinger L, Grange DK, Kozel BA, Robin NH,Waggoner D, Fitzpatrick C, Das S, Del Gaudio D. Copy number analysis of NIPBL in a cohort of 510 patients reveals rare copy number variants and a mosaic deletion.Mol Genet Genomic Med. 2014 Mar;2(2):115-23. doi: 10.1002/mgg3.48.
- Deardorff MA, Noon SE, Krantz ID. Cornelia de Lange Syndrome. 2005 Sep 16[updated 2020 Oct 15]. In: Adam MP, Ardinger HH, Pagon RA, Wallace SE, Bean LJH, Stephens K, Amemiya A, editors. GeneReviews® [Internet]. Seattle (WA): Universityof Washington, Seattle; 1993-2020. Available fromhttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK1104/
- Gillis LA, McCallum J, Kaur M, DeScipio C, Yaeger D, Mariani A, Kline AD, LiHH, Devoto M, Jackson LG, Krantz ID. NIPBL mutational analysis in 120 individualswith Cornelia de Lange syndrome and evaluation of genotype-phenotypecorrelations. Am J Hum Genet. 2004 Oct;75(4):610-23.
- Krantz ID, McCallum J, DeScipio C, Kaur M, Gillis LA, Yaeger D, Jukofsky L,Wasserman N, Bottani A, Morris CA, Nowaczyk MJ, Toriello H, Bamshad MJ, Carey JC,Rappaport E, Kawauchi S, Lander AD, Calof AL, Li HH, Devoto M, Jackson LG.Cornelia de Lange syndrome is caused by mutations in NIPBL, the human homolog of Drosophila melanogaster Nipped-B. Nat Genet. 2004 Jun;36(6):631-5.
- Mannini L, Cucco F, Quarantotti V, Krantz ID, Musio A. Mutation spectrum andgenotype-phenotype correlation in Cornelia de Lange syndrome. Hum Mutat. 2013Dec;34(12):1589-96. doi: 10.1002/humu.22430.
- Pehlivan D, Hullings M, Carvalho CM, Gonzaga-Jauregui CG, Loy E, Jackson LG,Krantz ID, Deardorff MA, Lupski JR. NIPBL rearrangements in Cornelia de Langesyndrome: evidence for replicative mechanism and genotype-phenotype correlation. Genet Med. 2012 Mar;14(3):313-22. doi: 10.1038/gim.2011.13.
- Tonkin ET, Wang TJ, Lisgo S, Bamshad MJ, Strachan T. NIPBL, encoding a homologof fungal Scc2-type sister chromatid cohesion proteins and fly Nipped-B, ismutated in Cornelia de Lange syndrome. Nat Genet. 2004 Jun;36(6):636-41.
