Aerobic capacity |
1. |
Moro T, et al., 2020 [9] |
5.159 (IF) 22/88 (Q1) |
Experimental |
16 young cyclists |
Intermittent fasting TRF (16/8) |
IF in 4 weeks of high-level resistance training. |
Body composition, resting metabolism, and performance tests. |
Does not affect performance. |
2. |
Kang J, et al., 2021 [27] |
3.571 (IF) 57/109 (Q3) |
Review |
23 randomized studies |
TRF fasting |
Effects on metabolic and anthropometric parameters. |
Strength, power, and aerobic capacity. |
Does not reduce aerobic capacity. |
3. |
Tovar AP, et al., 2021 [11] |
6.706 (IF) 15/90 (Q1) |
Experimental |
15 male runners |
Intermittent fasting TRF 16/8 |
Effects on the performance of endurance runners. |
Body composition, stress test, and 10 km test. |
No effect on performance. |
4. |
Aird TP, et al., 2018 [13] |
3.631 (IF) 11/83 (Q1) |
Meta-analysis |
46 studies |
NT |
To determine the effects of IF on aerobic and anaerobic exercise performance. |
Aerobic capacity. |
Aerobic exercise performance does not differ when following IF vs. other nutrition. |
5. |
Terada T, et al., 2019 [15] |
1.432 (IF) 67/85 (Q4) |
Experimental |
20 participants |
Overnight fasting |
Effects on subjects in sprint training and aerobic capacity. |
Aerobic capacity. |
Improved sprint fasting vs. carbohydrate abundance. |
6. |
Brady AJ, et al., 2021 [16] |
6.289 (IF) 9/88 (Q1) |
Experimental |
17 participants |
Fasting TRF (16/8) |
Effect of 8 weeks of TRF in conjunction with training. |
Body composition, aerobic capacity, and biomarkers. |
No alteration in endurance running performance indices. |
7. |
NaHarudin, et al., 2018 [26] |
2.376 (IF) 29/83 (Q2) |
Experimental |
20 participants |
Intermittent fasting |
Effect of IF on high-intensity exercise, Wingate test, and HIIT cycling test. |
Wingate test. |
Attenuated performance at the start of practice. |
8. |
Aird TP, et al., 2021 [29] |
5.900 (IF) 36/146 (Q1) |
Experimental |
28 male participants |
Intermittent fasting |
Compare performance and metabolic adaptations of short-term SIT with fasting and with WPH or WPC supplementation. |
Body composition, aerobic exercise. |
No significant results. |
Anaerobic capacity |
1. |
Moro T, et al., 2020 [9] |
5.159 (IF) 22/88 (Q1) |
Experimental |
16 young cyclists |
Intermittent fasting TRF (16/8) |
IF in 4 weeks of high-level resistance training. |
Body composition, resting metabolism, and performance test. |
No effect on performance. |
2. |
Correia JM, et al., 2021 [22] |
4.614 (IF) 100/279 (Q2) |
Experimental |
12 healthy males |
Fasting TRF 16/8 |
Short- and long-term effects in trained young people. |
Body composition and Wingate test. |
No significant results in terms of performance improvement. |
3. |
Terada T, et al., 2019 [15] |
1.432 (IF) 67/85 (Q4) |
Experimental |
20 participants |
Overnight fasting |
Effects on subjects in sprint training and aerobic capacity. |
Aerobic capacity. |
Improved sprint fasting vs. carbohydrate abundance. |
4. |
Naharudin, et al., 2018 [26] |
2.376 (IF) 29/83 (Q2) |
Experimental |
20 participants |
Intermittent fasting |
Effect of IF in high-intensity exercise, Wingate test, and HIIT cycling test. |
Wingate test, Body composition, aerobic exercise. |
Attenuated performance at the start of practice. |
5. |
Aird TP, et al., 2021 [29] |
5.900 (IF) 36/146 (Q1) |
Experimental |
28 male participants |
Intermittent fasting |
Compare performance and metabolic adaptations of short-term SIT with fasting and with WPH or WPC supplementation. |
Aerobic and anaerobic performance. |
No significant results. |
6. |
Rothschild JA, et al., 2021 [20] |
6.706 (IF) 15/90 (Q1) |
Experimental |
17 trained cyclists and triathletes |
Intermittent fasting |
Effects versus a protein-rich and a carbohydrate-rich meal on cycling performance. |
Submaximal exercise, high-intensity exercise. |
No difference versus CHO in HIIT. Like PRO, uncompromised performance in shorter duration and higher intensity sessions. |
Muscular strength and power |
1. |
Moro T, et al., 2016 [10] |
3.786 (IF) 30/128 (Q1) |
Experimental |
34 participants |
TRF (16/8) |
Effects during endurance training in healthy males. |
Body composition, strength, and biomarkers. |
Improvement of biomarkers related to health, fat loss, and maintenance of muscle mass. |
2. |
Kang J, et al., 2021 [27] |
3.571 (IF) 57/109 (Q3) |
Review |
23 randomized studies |
TRF fasting |
Effects on metabolic and anthropometric parameters. |
Strength, power, aerobic capacity. |
Improvements in body composition and no alteration in muscle mass synthesis. |
3. |
Tinsley GM, et al., 2017 [14] |
2.576 (IF) 22/81 (Q2) |
Experimental |
18 participants |
TRF fasting |
To examine changes in body composition and strength in strength training in males. |
Strength and body composition. |
Variation in fat mass loss versus diet, but not in muscle mass gain. |
4. |
Tinsley GM, et al., 2019 [24] |
6.766 (IF) 6/89 (Q1) |
Experimental |
Healthy women aged 18–30 years |
TRF fasting |
TRF + HMB in strength training vs TRF without HMB. |
Body composition and muscle performance. |
TRF did not slow adaptations in hypertrophy and performance vs. other diets. |
5. |
Martínez-Rodríguez A, et al., 2021 [25] |
4.614 (IF) 100/279 (Q2) |
Experimental |
14 active women |
Intermittent fasting |
Effects of HIIT training and muscular and anaerobic performance. |
Body composition, grip strength, jumping, Wingate cycling test. |
Decreased fat mass and increased jumping performance. |
6. |
Naharudin, et al., 2018 [26] |
2.376 (IF) 29/83 (Q2) |
Experimental |
20 participants |
Intermittent fasting |
Effect of IF in high-intensity exercise, Wingate test, and HIIT cycling test. |
Wingate test, Body composition, aerobic exercise. |
Attenuated performance at the beginning of practice. |
7. |
Abaïdia AE, et al., 2020 [18] |
11.140 (IF) 2/88 (Q1) |
Meta-analysis |
11 studies |
Fasting 14/10 (Ramadan) |
Effects of 1 month of Ramadan on physical performance. |
Aerobic performance, maximal power, strength, jump height, sprints. |
No decrease in performance if nutrition is correct. |
8. |
Correia JM, et al., 2020 [19] |
5.719 (IF) 17/88 (Q1) |
Experimental |
Individuals between 18 and 39 years |
Intermittent fasting |
Effects on sports performance. |
Muscular strength, aerobic capacity, anaerobic capacity, and body composition. |
Positive results in fat mass reduction, without significant results in terms of strength. |
Body composition and health |
1. |
Moro T, et al., 2020 [9] |
5.159 (IF) 22/88 (Q1) |
Experimental |
16 young cyclists |
Intermittent fasting TRF (16/8) |
IF in 4 weeks of high-level endurance training. |
Body composition, resting metabolism, and performance testing. |
Improved body composition and inflammatory markers. |
2. |
Moro T, et al., 2016 [10] |
3.786 (IF) 30/128 (Q1) |
Experimental |
34 participants |
TRF (16/8) |
Effects during endurance training in healthy males. |
Body composition, strength, and biomarkers. |
Improved health, fat loss, and maintenance of muscle mass. |
3. |
Hosseini S, et al., 2015 [28] |
NT |
Experimental |
50 healthy subjects |
Ramadan |
Effects of Ramadan and physical activity on biochemical parameters. |
Body weight, fat percentage, biomarkers. |
Reductions in anthropometric parameters, lower cholesterol. |
4. |
Laza V. 2020 [30] |
NT |
Magazine article |
NT |
TRF fasting |
Effects on the performance and health of athletes. |
Biomarkers, body composition. |
Decreased blood glucose, body fat, cholesterol, testosterone levels, improved insulin sensitivity, increased hepcidin levels, improved immune system, and maintenance of muscle mass. |
5. |
Zouhal H, et al., 2020 [31] |
NT |
Review |
71 studies |
ICR, ADF, and TRF fasts |
Identifying the effects of IF together with physical exercise. |
Body composition, metabolic adaptations, sports performance. |
Decreased circulating insulin levels and improved glucagon levels. Reduction of body fat. |
6. |
Tovar AP, et al., 2021 [11] |
6.706 (IF) 15/90 (Q1) |
Experimental |
15 male runners |
Intermittent fasting TRF 16/8 |
Effects on the performance of endurance runners. |
Body composition, stress test, and 10 km test. |
Improvements in fat mass reduction and muscle mass maintenance. |
7. |
Isenmann E, et al., 2021 [23] |
6.706 (IF) 15/90 (Q1) |
Experimental |
35 subjects |
TRF 16/8 |
Effects on body composition and adherence. |
Weight, fat mass, BMI. |
Improvements in weight, body composition, BMI, and hip and waist circumference. |
8. |
Haupt S, et al., 2021 [32] |
6.064 (IF) 75/297 (Q2) |
Review |
NT |
TRF 16/8 |
Summarize fasting information on metabolic and hormonal responses. |
|
Improvements in blood pressure, insulin sensitivity, and body composition. Increased lipid utilization. |
9. |
El-Outa A, et al., 2022 [33] |
0.678 (SJR) (Q2) |
Experimental |
80 participants |
TRF 16/8 |
Assess VO2max in addition to other parameters. |
VO2max, weight, body composition, biomarkers. |
Reductions in glucose levels, LDL, HDL, and body weight. No significance in VO2max. |
10. |
Tinsley GM, et al., 2017 [14] |
2.576 (IF) 22/81 (Q2) |
Experimental |
18 participants |
Fasting TRF |
Examine changes in body composition and strength in strength training in males. |
Strength and body composition. |
Variation in fat mass loss vs. diet, but not in muscle mass gain. |
11. |
Brady AJ, et al., 2021 [16] |
6.289 (IF) 9/88 (Q1) |
Experimental |
17 participants |
Fasting TRF (16/8) |
Effect of 8 weeks of TRF together with training. |
Body composition, aerobic capacity, and biomarkers. |
Decrease in fat mass. |
12. |
Martínez-Rodríguez A, et al., 2021 [25] |
4.614 (IF) 100/279 (Q2) |
Experimental |
14 active women |
Intermittent fasting |
Effect of HIIT training and muscular and anaerobic performance. |
Body composition, gripper strength, jumping, Wingate cycling test. |
Decrease in fat mass. |
13. |
Naharudin, et al., 2018 [26] |
2.376 (IF) 29/83 (Q2) |
Experimental |
20 participants |
Intermittent fasting |
Effect of IF on high-intensity exercise, Wingate test, and HIIT cycling test. |
Wingate test, body composition, aerobic exercise. |
Attenuated performance at the beginning of practice. |
14. |
Hammouda O, et al., 2013 [17] |
3.534 (IF) 8/55 (Q1) |
Experimental |
15 soccer players |
Fasting 14/10 (Ramadan) |
Effects of Ramadan on lipoprotein fluctuation during exercise. |
Body composition, biomarkers. |
Reductions in fat mass and LDL without affecting muscle mass and increase in HDL (significant reduction in YO-YO test). |
15. |
Correia JM, et al., 2020 [19] |
5.719 (IF) 17/88 (Q1) |
Experimental |
Individuals between 18 and 39 years old |
Intermittent fasting |
Effects on sports performance. |
Muscle strength, aerobic capacity, anaerobic capacity, and body composition. |
Positive results in fat mass decrease, no significant results in strength. |