根皮单宁作为植物多酚的一种作用，基于其亲水和疏水部分，可通过非共价相互作用（例如多重氢键、静电和阳离子 Phlorotannins, as a role of plant polyphenols, based on its hydrophilic and hydrophobic moieties, can interact with plasma proteins in the blood by non-covalent interactions (e.g., multiple hydrogen bonding, electrostatic, and cation-π相互作用）与血液中的血浆蛋白相互作用 interactions) [97，,98]。基于苯酚单元，多酚具有减少和清除自由基的先天能力，并通过特异性或非特异性相互作用对蛋白质具有高亲和力. Based on phenol units, polyphenols have the innate ability to reduce and scavenge free radicals and have a high affinity for proteins through specific or non-specific interactions [99]。它们可以与几种受体相互作用，调节信号转导，调节酶活性，灭活微生物并交联生物大分子. They can interact with several receptors, regulate signal transduction, regulate enzyme activity, inactivate microorganisms and cross-link biological macromolecules [100]，这在组织工程中具有广阔的应用前景。与陆生植物的单宁相同，这些酚类化合物高度溶于水，与蛋白质、多糖和其他生物聚合物强烈结合，螯合二价金属并具有聚合物结构。从海藻中提取的多酚化合物具有生物利用度。多酚化合物可以直接在上消化道吸收，原封不动地被吸收，也可以在被存在的细菌修饰后被下消化道吸收, which indicates broad application prospects in tissue engineering. In the same way as the tannins of terrestrial plants, these phenolic compounds are highly soluble in water, strongly bind to proteins, polysaccharides, and other biopolymers, chelate divalent metals and have a polymer structure. Polyphenolic compounds extracted from seaweeds are bioavailable. Polyphenolic compounds can be absorbed either directly in the upper digestive tract unchanged or in the lower intestine after being modified by the bacteria present there [101]。

相关研究表明，中等剂量下，褐海藻中的根皮单宁在细胞系、微藻、海藻孢子、植物、无脊椎动物、动物（鱼、小鼠、大鼠和狗）和人类中表现出低毒性. Related studies have shown that phlorotannins from brown seaweeds showed low toxicity in cell lines, microalgae, seaweed spores, plants, invertebrates, animals (fish, mice, rats, and dogs) and humans at a moderate dosage [102]。在人类，鱼类和狗中记录了轻微的副作用。然而，根皮单宁在水产养殖鱼类、牲畜和伴侣动物中的安全性和毒性有限。这些发现可以作为将这些化合物开发成新型功能性食品、动物饲料和药物的基础。. Mild side-effects were recorded in humans, fish and dogs. However, the safety and toxicity of phlorotannins in aquaculture fish, livestock and companion animals are limited. These findings can serve as a basis for developing these compounds into novel functional foods, animal feeds and drugs.

过度的氧化应激会对细胞内生物大分子造成氧化损伤，促进异常基因表达和 Excessive oxidative stress can cause oxidative damage to intracellular biological macromolecules, promote abnormal gene expression and DNA结构变化，阻断细胞间的重要信号通路 structural changes and block vital signaling pathways between cells [107]。褐藻多酚具有良好的抗癌活性，其作用机制主要表现为促凋亡、抗增殖、抗转移或抗血管生成剂，或间接表现为抑制与肿瘤发生密切相关的氧化应激炎症网络. Brown algae polyphenols have good anticancer activity, and their mechanism of action is mainly manifested either directly as a pro-apoptotic, antiproliferative, anti-metastatic or anti-angiogenic agent, or indirectly by inhibiting the oxidative-stress inflammatory network closely related to tumorigenesis [108]。褐藻多酚粗提取物的抗癌活性与纯化的分离成分有很大不同。在含有肉瘤异种移植物的小鼠模型中，埃科尔的体内抗肿瘤作用不仅由于其能够干扰半胱天冬酶. The anticancer activity of brown algae polyphenol crude extracts differs greatly from purified isolated components. In mouse models containing sarcoma xenografts, the in vivo antitumor effect of eckol was shown not only due to its ability to interfere with the expression of caspase-3，半胱天冬酶-9，Bcl-2和Bax基因的表达，而且还由于其抑制表皮生长因子受体（EGFR）表达的能力。因此，除了其抗增殖特性外，, caspase-9, Bcl-2 and Bax genes, but also due to its ability to inhibit epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) expression. Thus, in addition to its antiproliferative properties, eckol 还通过刺激宿主免疫反应来发挥抗肿瘤活性。Imbs等exerts antitumor activity by stimulating the host immune response. Imbs et al. [109]发现，在3种不同的海藻中，墨角藻、海带海带和海苔属中，前者乙醇提取物含量最高（干物质为 found that among three different seaweeds, Fucus evanescens, Laminaria cichorioides and Costaria costata, the former with 60% ethanol extracts have highest content of polyphenols (10.1%），对 dry matter), showed the strongest inhibitory effect on DLD-1和HT-29结直肠腺癌细胞生长的抑制作用最强（67%和63%）。

一些研究表明，与植物酚类物质一样，根皮单宁在整个胃肠道中通过时往往会降解，只有一小部分会完整地到达肠腔并变得生物可进一步吸收 and HT-29 colorectal adenocarcinoma cell growth (67% and 63%). Some studies have shown that, in the same way as plant phenolics, phlorotannins tend to degrade during their passage throughout the gastrointestinal tract, and only a small portion will reach the intestinal lumen intact and become bio-accessible for further absorption [89]。根据. According to the work of Ahn等人的工作 et al. [110]，在植入, carried out in xenograft mice models implanted with SKOV3卵巢癌细胞的异种移植小鼠模型中进行，口服 ovarian cancer cells, the oral administration of dieckol（300mg / kg /周）甚至比顺铂（9mg / kg /周）更有效地抑制肿瘤生长而不显示任何肝或肾毒性，而顺铂处理的小鼠显示血尿素氮和血清肌酐增加，这表明肾功能障碍。 (300 mg/kg/week) was even more effective than cisplatin (9 mg/kg/week) at suppressing the tumor growth without showing any liver or kidney toxicity, while the cisplatin-treated mice revealed increased blood urea nitrogen and serum creatinine which are indicative of kidney dysfunction. Dieckol来源于食用褐藻, derived from edible brown alga Ecklonia cava，在小鼠模型中可显着增强顺铂对肿瘤生长的抑制，同时降低体重减轻和肾脏损伤, can significantly enhance the inhibition of tumor growth by cisplatin with lower weight loss and kidney damage in a mouse model [111]。褐藻根皮单宁可能通过. It also indicated that brown algae phlorotannins may improve the efficacy of platinum drugs for ovarian cancer by enhancing cancer cell apoptosis via the ROS/Akt/NFκB途径增强癌细胞凋亡，提高铂类药物对卵巢癌的疗效，并通过防止正常肾细胞损伤来降低肾毒性。 pathway and reduce nephrotoxicity by protecting against normal kidney cell damage.

谷氨酸引起的兴奋性毒性现象与多种中枢神经系统疾病的病理生理学有关，可导致神经元功能障碍、退化和细胞凋亡 The phenomenon of excitatory toxicity caused by glutamate is associated with the pathophysiology of a variety of central nervous system diseases, which can lead to neuronal dysfunction, degeneration and apoptosis [112，112,113，114,114]。已经发现褐藻多酚通过多模式作用保护脑细胞免受谷氨酸兴奋性毒性。作用机制如下：抑制中枢神经系统（. Brown algae polyphenols have been found to protect brain cells from glutamate excitatory toxicity through multimodal action. The mechanism of action is as follows: the ability to inhibit central nervous system (CNS）相关酶（乙酰胆碱酯酶和丁酰胆碱酯酶，单氨基氧代酶，β分泌酶，酪氨酸酶）的能力;调节神经元受体;与氧化应激介导的神经元细胞死亡相关的信号通路和神经炎症的调节)-related enzymes (acetylcholinesterase and butyrylcholinesterase, monoaminoxidase, β-secretase, tyrosinase); Regulation of neuronal receptors; Regulation of the signaling pathways and neuroinflammation associated with oxidative stress-mediated neuronal cell death [2]。

根皮单宁等多酚必须穿过中枢神经系统的物理屏障才能发挥神经保护作用：将循环血液与脑细胞外液分离的血脑屏障（ protein was also observed. In addition, resorcinol prevents lipid peroxidation, slows the reactivation of glial cells, and reduces the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines in 5XFAD mice. Polyphenols such as phlorotannins must cross the physical barrier of the CNS to exert a neuroprotective effect: the blood–brain barrier (BBB）。根皮单宁通过) that separates the circulating blood from the brain extracellular fluid. Phlorotannin’s action through the BBB对γ氨基丁酸A型（GABAA）-苯二氮卓受体的作用已被证明。 on gamma aminobutyric acid type A (GABAA)-benzodiazepine receptors has been demonstrated. Dieckol [116]和 and eckol [117]已被有效地证明可以通过 have been effectively shown to successfully penetrate the brain by the BBB通过未知的运输机制成功穿透大脑。 via still unknown transportation mechanisms.

多酚化合物对微生物具有普遍的抑制作用 Polyphenolic compounds have a universal inhibitory effect on microorganisms [102]。一方面，间苯单宁阻断真菌细胞中二态复合物的合成，导致假单胞菌的外观和表面粘附性能改变，从而降低病原真菌侵入宿主细胞的毒性和能力。另一方面，根皮单宁诱导活性氧（. On the one hand, phlorotannins block the synthesis of dimorphic complexes in fungal cells, resulting in an altered appearance and surface adhesion properties of Pseudomonas, thereby reducing the toxicity and ability of pathogenic fungi to invade host cells. On the other hand, phlorotannins induce reactive oxygen species (ROS）产生并触发早期细胞凋亡，导致) production and trigger early apoptosis, leading to activation of the CaMCA1基因的激活和白色念珠菌细胞膜的破坏。这些抑制作用反映了间苯单宁作为新型抗真菌药物的潜力 gene and destruction of cell membranes in Candida albicans. These inhibitory effects reflect the potential of phlorotannins as a novel antifungal drug [44，118，, 118,119]。

血管紧张素转换酶（ Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE）是治疗高血压、心力衰竭、糖尿病和高血压等疾病的理想靶标。在褐藻降血压活性的研究中，已经证明褐藻如榕、黄藻、日本海带、水疱墨角藻和梭藻含有降血压活性物质) is an ideal target for the treatment of diseases such as hypertension, heart failure, diabetes mellitus and hypertension. In the study of blood pressure-lowering activity of brown algae, it has been proved that brown algae such as Undaria pinnatifida, Scagassum, Laminaria japonica, Fucus vesiculosus and Hizikia fusifarme contain blood pressure-lowering active substances [121]。

从. Dieckol isolated from the ethanol extract of Kombu乙醇提取物中分离的D is a non-competitieckol是一种针对ACE I的非竞争性抑制剂，可诱导ve inhibitor against ACE I that induces the production of nitric oxide (NO) in EA.hy926细胞产生一氧化氮（NO），并且没有细胞毒性作用 cells and has no cytotoxic effect [85]。. Ko等人 et al. [122]从 extracted 6,6’-bisphenols from the Ecklonia cava中提取6，6'-双酚并研究其生物活性，发现 and studied its biological activity, finding that ACE抑制活性是由ACE与6，6'-联苯酚之间的氢键和Pi键相互作用形成的。6，6'-双酚通过人内皮细胞中一氧化氮合酶的磷酸化显著增加了NO的含量。

到目前为止，大多数这些 inhibitory activity was formed by the interaction of hydrogen bonds and Pi bonds between ACE and 6,6’-biphenol. The 6,6’-bisphenol significantly increased the content of NO by phosphorylation of nitric oxide synthase in human endothelial cells. Until now, most of these ACE抑制活性已在体外或在小鼠模型系统中观察到。因此，需要进一步的研究来调查它们在人类受试者中的活性。到目前为止，还没有根皮单宁在高血压患者中的临床研究。 inhibitory activities have been observed in vitro or in mouse model systems. Therefore, further research studies are needed in order to investigate their activity in human subjects. So far, there were no clinical studies of phlorotannins in patients with hypertension.

近年来，随着海连、针叶海带、羽扇、白藻等褐藻中活性成分的分离鉴定，证明大多数褐藻都含有降血糖活性物质[123]。来自海带属的根皮单宁主要通过抑制α-淀粉酶、α-葡萄糖苷酶、胰脂肪酶和醛糖还原酶（AR）来表现出抗糖尿病活性，这些酶可以促进碳水化合物和脂质消化的延迟，其次是降低餐后血浆葡萄糖水平和整体体重，从而有助于预防和改善代谢紊乱，如2型糖尿病（T2DM）和肥胖症[124]。 从Ecklonia stolonifera埃克洛尼亚的甲醇提取物中分离的根皮单宁对α-葡萄糖苷酶具有抑制活性，这归因于根唑仑素A，dieckol、地科尔和7-根瘤菌醇际醇的存在[125]。Lee等[126]以链脲佐菌素诱导的糖尿病小鼠为模型，从Ecklonia腔中提取根皮单宁，喂食后，在0、30、60和120分钟从尾静脉取血样，测量血糖量。发现其对α-葡萄糖苷酶和α-淀粉酶有较强的抑制活性。 进一步的临床研究表明，补充海藻的生理作用可降低2型糖尿病患者的空腹血糖和餐后2小时血糖水平（对照：254.4±22.8mg/dL，补充海藻：203.1±12.3mg/dL），而不影响糖化血红蛋白水平[127]。Shannon和Abu-ghannam[128]发现，通过临床试验，每日补充Undaria pinnatifida可以平衡2型糖尿病患者的血糖水平。 一项为期24周的随机、双盲、安慰剂对照交叉试验，研究褐海藻多酚对超重或肥胖人群DNA损伤和抗氧化活性的影响[105]。共有80名参与者（BMI单位：kg / m²≥ 25 岁）年龄在 30-65 岁之间每天服用含有 100 毫克海藻（多）苯酚和 300 毫克麦芽糊精的 400 毫克胶囊或 400 毫克麦芽糊精安慰剂对照胶囊，持续 8 周。食用海藻（多）酚导致DNA损伤适度减少，但仅在总人口中肥胖的一小部分。C反应蛋白（CRP）、抗氧化状态或炎性细胞因子无显著变化。

半胱氨酸蛋白酶由于其在病毒复制和发病机制中的多种功能和必要作用，可作为抗病毒药物的理想靶标。其中，主蛋白酶（3CL）是一种结构蛋白，通过切割聚合物蛋白的作用位点来影响病毒的存活和繁殖。3CL蛋白酶也是冠状病毒复制所必需的酶，是潜在抗SARS药物的靶标。在从卡瓦埃克洛尼亚乙醇提取物中分离出的九种根皮单宁中，通过二苯醚连接的二氯醇表现出最有效的 SARS-CoV 抑制活性。此外，dieckol 对基于细胞的 3CL 具有最有效的抑制活性，它比其他间苯单宁衍生物和天然参比抑制剂更有效。Dieckol 与蛋白质具有很高的缔合率，并与 SARS-CoV 3CL（Cys145 和 His41）的催化二元形成强氢键，并且消耗最低的结合能[129]。 为了探索棕色大藻多酚在抗病毒活性期间的药代动力学，Gunaseelan 等人 [78] 评估了根单宁作为 SARS-CoV-2 复制所需的多靶点蛋白质拮抗剂的潜力。排名靠前的海洋褐藻根皮单宁是六乙酸地夫考、五乙酸倍氮乙二醇、六乙酸埃科尔和岩藻呋喃酮。 基于对间苯单宁化合物的ADMET（吸收、分布、代谢、排泄和毒性）特性的现有研究，已经清楚地理解了间苯单宁配体分子作为口服候选药物的生物利用度[78]。其次是首过代谢，与标准药物相比，肠血屏障的极性、水溶性和通透性达到足够的水平。此外，在限制下也观察到代谢反应和血脑屏障，除了根皮氧呋喃酚A和B，岩藻二苯酚G，四夫酚A，四氯乙二醇，岩藻三酚和白膦羟卡马洛尔外，所有配体中都可以看到中等水平。 通过分析用于对抗COVID-19的标准药物（如瑞德西韦，利托那韦，法匹拉韦，洛匹那韦和羟氯喹）获得的结果，对给药途径进行了比较研究。其中羟氯喹对人体口服吸附率最高（约91%），而最常用的瑞德西韦对COVID-19的口服吸附率仅为36%。与标准瑞德西韦相比，二氧乙二醇、双膦乙二醇、五乙酸二膦乙二醇和己醋酸地夫考酯的口服吸收程度更高（分别为58.0、58.05、58.84、47.30）[130]。同时，五乙酸倍苯乙二醇（70.56）在给定范围内（25至500）具有比标准瑞德西韦（仅6）更高的Madin-Darby犬肾（MDCK）通透性。

大多数根皮单宁代谢物是在晚期时间点（6-24小时）收集的样品中发现的，表明小肠吸收有限。间苯单宁主要在大肠中代谢和吸收，其代谢谱存在较大的个体间差异[131]。在上消化道中，膳食多酚充当许多酶的底物，它们受到葡萄糖苷酶（I.期酶（水解和氧化）的广泛代谢[132]。因此，根皮单宁的摄入导致II期共轭代谢物（葡糖苷酸，硫酸盐）的形成。结肠可发生进一步转化，肠道微生物群的酶将复杂的多酚结构分解成更小的单位，这些多酚结构也可能在肝脏中被吸收并进一步代谢[133]。 近年来，褐藻多酚一直是海洋化合物领域的研究热点。然而，关于摄入褐藻提取物后的代谢变化的研究很少。Kim等人[134]研究了食用12周的E. cava多酚提取物（seapolynol）对暴露于适度热量摄入和体力活动且体重指数（BMI）高于25 kg / m的受试者的代谢影响²且低于 30 公斤/米².尿代谢组学分析显示，与安慰剂组相比，海多醇摄入组核黄素、尿酸、5-羟基-6-甲氧基吲哚葡糖苷酸和胍基戊酸水平显著升高。这些发现表明，摄入海多醇引起的体内脂肪减少与核黄素抗氧化作用的增加有关。

冠心病的主要危险因素是膳食胆固醇过度消耗，一旦形成动脉斑块，可导致致命的心肌梗死、心脏病发作和脑血管疾病[135]。目前，摄入天然活性产物可作为联合使用抗高脂血症药物的战略疗法[136]。研究表明，藻类化合物具有结合膳食胆固醇的能力，褐藻具有加速人体排泄胆固醇的能力。因此，褐藻属于可用于治疗高胆固醇的天然化合物的宝贵食物来源。多种褐藻物种已显示出降低血脂水平和总胆固醇的能力[137]。 间苯单宁在大多数情况下调节血脂水平，降低患心脑血管疾病的风险。根皮单宁的降血脂作用也可能与多酚化合物的抗氧化、抗炎和保肝活性有关，从而抑制脂肪诱导的肝损伤并确保脂质正常化[138，139]。据报道，从水疱墨角藻和卡瓦埃克洛尼亚分离的Dieckol具有抑制HMG-CoA还原酶的能力，影响胆固醇合成[140，141]，从而证明间苯单宁具有与他汀类药物相同的作用方式。

特殊的酚羟基结构赋予褐藻多酚抗氧化活性[142]。酚羟基结构可以提供供氢体并清除多种活性氧（ROS）。一方面，激发态氧分子还原为活性较低的基态氧，抑制氧自由基的产生。另一方面，褐藻多酚作为自由基清除剂，可与氧自由基结合，降低自由基的活性，阻碍自由基清除剂的连锁反应[143]。多酚抗氧化作用的强弱受分子结构和羟基数、链长和分子内氢键数的影响[144，145]。利用褐藻多酚的抗氧化作用，也可用于治疗退行性疾病，如心血管疾病、糖尿病、癌症、动脉粥样硬化和阿尔茨海默病[146]。 孟彤[147]研究了海带多酚对乳化肠品质的影响，发现褐藻多酚能降低羰基的含量和巯基的损失，抑制蛋白质的氧化[148]。此外，当褐藻多酚用于保存油脂时，它们可以同时起到抗氧化剂和颜色保护的作用。褐藻多酚还可以与金属离子发生复杂的反应，从而抑制少量金属离子对食物的氧化。

褐藻多酚是一种兼具抗菌和抗氧化活性的提取物，可直接用于制备新型食用包装膜。研究表明，这种包装膜具有抗菌保存和防止物理损坏的功能，在食品储存和保存领域发挥了很大的作用[149]。从马尾藻中提取的低分子量根皮单宁会破坏副溶血性弧菌的细胞膜和细胞壁，导致细胞质渗漏和膜通透性解构。 石[150]采用离子凝胶法制备了包埋有藻类多酚的纳米颗粒，发现该方法得到的防腐剂具有更好的保鲜性能和更长的保鲜时间。一些来自褐藻物种的根皮单宁已经在抗菌剂的应用中进行了研究。

根皮单宁的杀幼虫作用由多种机制介导，包括直接抑制幼虫的沉降和/或存活以及调节细菌微污染物的生长，从而影响幼虫的沉降。从马尾藻中分离的根皮单宁在低浓度（25 μg/mL）下抑制了33%的Ciona Savignyi和27%的Halocynthia roretzi的变质作用。这些发现表明，间苯单宁可以作为防污剂，而不会对其他生物造成损害[75]。

The larvicidal activities of phlorotannins in mosquitoes reported by Ravikumar等人 et al. [154]和 and Manilal等人 et al. [155]报道的根皮单宁在蚊子中的幼虫杀虫活性表明它们可能是有效的驱虫剂。根皮单宁对海洋无脊椎动物的幼虫有影响 suggest that they may be effective repellents. Phlorotannins have an effect on the larvae of marine invertebrates [156]，表明它们是天然防污剂。与作为广谱毒素对目标和非目标海洋生物的重金属不同，根皮单宁的天然防污作用是目标生物特有的。, suggesting that they are natural antifouling agents. Unlike heavy metals, which act as broad-spectrum toxins against both target and non-target marine organisms, the natural antifouling effect of phlorotannins is specific to target organisms.

酪氨酸酶是黑色素形成过程中的关键酶。通过在化妆品中添加酪氨酸抑制剂来抑制黑色素的形成，可以达到化妆品的美白效果。黑色素的产生始于酪氨酸氧化成多巴醌，多巴醌由酪氨酸酶（ Tyrosinase is a key enzyme in the process of melanin formation. By adding tyrosine inhibitors to cosmetics to inhibit the formation of melanin, the whitening effect of cosmetics can be achieved. Melanin production begins by oxidation of tyrosine to dopaquinone, which is catalyzed by tyrosinase (TYR）催化。酪氨酸酶相关蛋白). The tyrosinase-associated protein-1（TRP-1）和TRP-2或多巴色素互变异构酶在所有真黑素生成反应中也起重要作用 (TRP-1) and TRP-2 or dopachrome tautomerase also play an important role in all eumelanin-producing reactions [157]。

当身体受到有害刺激或病原体的攻击时，身体的免疫系统会启动炎症反应，以去除有害物质并保护自己免受伤害。 When the body is attacked by harmful stimuli or pathogens, the body’s immune system initiates an inflammatory response to remove the harmful substances and protect itself from harm. Atopic dermatitis (AD是一种全身性疾病的皮肤表现，可导致哮喘、食物过敏和过敏性鼻炎) is a cutaneous manifestation of a systemic disorder that can lead to asthma, food allergies and allergic rhinitis [159]。

基质金属蛋白酶（ Matrix metalloproteinases (MMP）能够在体外和体内消化细胞外基质成分，如胶原蛋白、蛋白聚糖、纤连蛋白和层粘连蛋白。特别是明胶酶，有效切割s) are able to digest extracellular matrix components such as collagen, proteoglycans, fibronectin and laminin in vitro and in vivo. In particular, gelatinase, which effectively cuts collagen types IV型和V型胶原蛋白，会降解胶原蛋白和弹性纤维，导致皮肤失去弹性，促进皱纹形成，加速衰老。一些研究表明，二醇在下调MMP表达以防止细胞入侵方面的有效性。例如， and V, can degrade collagen and elastic fibers, resulting in loss of skin elasticity, promoting wrinkle formation and accelerating aging. Some studies have suggested that the effectiveness of the dieckol in downregulating the expression of MMPs preventing the cellular invasion. For example, dieckol treatment in HT-1080细胞中的dieckol处理降低了细胞内ROS水平，抑制了Rac1的活化以及粘附激酶（FAK）的表达，并阻止了MMP-2、MMP-9和 cells has reduced the intracellular ROS levels, inhibited the activation of Rac1 along with expression of focal adhesion kinase (FAK) and prevented the expressions of MMP-2, MMP-9 and MMP-13的表达 [162]。

据报道，从海洋褐藻甲醇提取物中分离出的两种根皮单宁可抑制人骨肉瘤细胞（. Two phlorotannins, isolated from methanolic extracts of the marine brown alga, have been reported to inhibit the protein and gene expression levels of MG-63）中MMP-1、MMP-3和, MMP-3 and MMP-13的蛋白质和基因表达水平 in human osteosarcoma cells (MG-63) [163]。从海带属中分离出的. Dieckol和 and Eckol抑制了, isolated from Laminaria spp, inhibited the expression of MMP-1在人真皮成纤维细胞中的表达 in human dermal fibroblasts [164]。这些结果表明，根皮单宁可以促进细胞分化，减弱. These results suggested the phlorotannin could promote cell differentiation, attenuate MMP-1，MMP-3和, MMP-3 and MMP-13的表达，并通过MAPK途径在慢性关节疾病中引起炎症反应。 expressions, and inflammatory responses via the MAPK pathway in chronic articular diseases.

在紫外线辐射下，人体可产生多种作用，如 Under ultraviolet radiation, the human body can produce a variety of effects, such as DNA损伤、抑制 damage, inhibition of DNA复制或突变、光合器具受损、 replication or mutations, photosynthetic apparatus impairment, decrease in CO降低等。₂-固定，生产（fixation, production of (ROS）) [165]。同时，在褐藻中通常观察到光抑制程度的降低。这种作用可以通过抗氧化反应的激活，或通过. Meanwhile, a decrease in the degree of photo-inhibition is commonly observed in brown algae. Such an effect may be explained either by activation of the antioxidative response, or by the formation of UV筛选化合物的形成-screening compounds [166]和修复酶活性的增加来解释。间苯单宁能够吸收紫外线辐射，主要是 and an increase in the activity of repairing enzymes. Phlorotannins are able to absorb UV radiation, mainly UV-C，部分吸收UV-B，最大值为195nm和265nm，因此非常适合紫外线防护 and partly UV-B, with maxima at 195 nm and 265 nm making them good candidates for UV protection [167，168,168]。