自Since the outbreak of coronavirus disease-19冠状病毒病( (COVID-19)爆发以来,由致病性严重急性呼吸系统综合征冠状病毒-2(), cold-chain food contamination caused by the pathogenic severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2)引起的冷链食品污染引起了极大的关注。冷链食品为) has attracted huge concern. Cold-chain foods provide a congenial environment for SARS-CoV-2的生存提供了适宜的环境,这对公众健康构成了潜在的风险。加强对冷链食品的 survival, which presents a potential risk for public health. Strengthening the SARS-CoV-2监管已成为许多国家的首要任务。 supervision of cold-chain foods has become the top priority in many countries
方法Methods | 类别Category | 子类别Subcategory | 详细级别LOD | 特 异性Specificity | 敏感性Sensitivity | 成本Cost | 时间Time | 描述Description | 引用References |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
核酸检测Nucleic acid test | 逆转录聚合酶链反应RT-PCR | 1–10 份copies | 97.06–99.69% | 91.06–99.96% | USD 25–200 美元 | 4-6小时 h | The gold standard for SARS-CoV-2诊断的黄金标准适用于大规模测试,但需要专门的实验室设备和训练有素的技术人员 diagnosis is suitable for the large-scale test but needs specialized laboratory equipment and trained technicians | [51,52][2][3] | |
全基因组测序Whole-genome sequencing | 断续器ND | 断续器ND | 98.33–99.83% | USD 2000 美元 | 48-72小时 h | The first complete genomic sequences of SARS-CoV-2的第一个完整的基因组序列是通过元转录组学方法获得的 were obtained through metatranscriptomics approaches | [53,54][4][5] | ||
等温扩增技术Isothermal amplification technology | 转录比色环介导的等温扩增Transcriptional colorimetric loop-mediated isothermal amplification | 100拷贝 copies/μL | 100% | 85% | 断续器ND | 21 小时h | 有效降低误报率,提高检测效率Effectively reduce the false positive rate and improve the detection efficiency | [55][6] | |
校对酶介导的等温扩增Proofreading enzyme-mediated isothermal amplification | 100 份copies | 有效区分Effectively distinguish SARS-CoV-2和 from SARS-CoV | Effectively detect as few as 1小时内有效检测100拷贝的N基因00 copies of gene N RNA in 1 h | 断续器ND | 50 分钟min | 显示与传统Show similar analytical performance with the conventional RT-PCR 相似的分析性能 | [56][7] | ||
乳液环介导的等温扩增Emulsion loop-mediated isothermal amplification | 10、, 103, 和and 105 拷贝 copies/μL | 断续器ND | 断续器ND | 断续器ND | 5–10 分钟min | 每微升样品和便携式设备使用微型光谱仪或智能手机的检测限为Limit of detection of 1拷贝 copy per microliter sample and portable device using a miniature spectrometer or a smartphone | [57][8] | ||
重组酶聚合酶扩增Recombinase polymerase amplification ((RPA)) |
Combined RPA与 with rkDNA-氧化石墨烯探测系统的组合graphene oxide probing system | 6.0 aM | 断续器ND | 断续器ND | 断续器ND | 1.6 小时h | 对Exhibit high selectivity and sensitivity for the diagnosis of COVID-19的诊断表现出高选择性和敏感性 | [58][9] | |
重组酶聚合酶扩增Recombinase polymerase amplification | 7.659拷贝 copies/μL | 100% | 98% | USD 4.3 美元 | 5–20 分钟min | 高特异性High specificity | [59,60][10][11] | ||
等温Isothermal RPA 侧流检测-lateral flow detection | 0.25–2.5 拷贝copies/μL | 100% | 94% | 断续器ND | 5 分钟min | The detection limit of RPA-LF对 for SARS-CoV-2的检测限为35.4个核衣壳(N)基因拷贝/L;灵敏度与定性实时荧光定量 was 35.4 nucleocapsid (N) gene copies/L; the sensitivity was similar to that of qualitative real-time PCR相似 | [61][12] | ||
杂交捕获免疫荧光测定Hybrid capture immunofluorescence assay | 杂交捕获免疫荧光测定Hybrid capture immunofluorescence assay | 每毫升500份 copies per mL | 99% | 100% | 断续器ND | 45 分min | 检测灵敏度与市场上同类产品一致The detection sensitivity is consistent with similar products on the market;但是,这种技术只能给出定性的结果。 however, this technique can only give qualitative results | [62][13] | |
熵驱动的放大电化学发光Entropy-driven amplified electrochemiluminescence | 2.67 fM | 断续器ND | 断续器ND | 断续器ND | 10–20 小时h | 高选择性和稳定性High selectivity and stability | [63][14] | ||
基于CRISPR的测试-based test | 化学性质Cas12a | 每10 copies per μL 反应 10 拷贝reaction | 100% | 95% | 美元USD 6 | 40–60 分钟min | 实现快速、超灵敏(少量拷贝)和高特异性核酸检测Enables rapid, ultrasensitive (few copies), and highly specific nucleic acid detections | [43][15] | |
化学文包Cas13a | 每 μL 10–100 份拷贝copies per μL | 100% | 96% | USD 3.5 美元 | 40–57 分钟min | 快速、灵敏且仪器要求低Rapid, sensitive, and with low instrument requirement | [64][16] | ||
糠疹焦球菌Pyrococcus furiosus Argonaute 联合修饰的连接酶链反应coupled with modified ligase chain reaction | 10 aM | 断续器ND | 断续器ND | 比Cheaper than CRISPR便宜 | 约 ~70 分钟min | 高灵敏度、高特异性、多重检测High sensitivity, high specificity, and multiplexing detection;不使用RNA作为指导 without the use of RNA as guidance | [65][17] | ||
免疫学检查Immunological test | 抗原免疫学检测Antigen immunological test | 量子点免疫层析法Quantum dot immunochromatographic assay | 4.9 页pg/毫升mL | 100% | 75 页pg/毫升mL | USD 1.5 美元 | 3 分钟min | 一次检测即可涵盖One single test that can cover hs-CRP 和常规范围 CRP,检测范围为 1 至and routine-range CRP with a detection range from 1 to 200 μg mL−1 | [66][18] |
快速纳维QuickNavi™-COVID-19 Ag免疫层析测试 immunochromatographic test | 断续器ND | 100% | 86.7% | 比核酸扩增测试便宜Cheaper than nucleic acid amplification tests | 5 分钟min | 总体敏感性为The overall sensitivity was 86.7%,CT <30患者的阳性检出率与, and the positive detection rate in patients with CT < 30 was comparable to that of RT-PCR相当。 | [67][19] | ||
磁性石墨烯量子点Magnetic graphene quantum dots | 248 颗粒Particles mL−1 | 与Related to SARS-CoV-2 抗原蛋白相关antigen protein | 对中东呼吸综合征冠状病毒没有反应No response to MERS-CoV | USD 1.25 美元 | 2 分钟min | 一步到位即可进行灵敏检测,无需样品预处理,Sensitive detection without sample pretreatment in one step with a LOD 为 248 个颗粒of 248 Particles mL−1 | [68][20] | ||
双轴Binax-CoV2 | 1.6 × 104–4.3 × 104 viral 病毒 RNA 拷贝RNA copies | 99.9% | 93.3% | USD 5 美元 | 15 分钟min | The sensitivity of Binax-CoV2的敏感性为93.3%,特异性为 was 93.3% and the specificity was 99.9% | [69][21] | ||
SERS生物传感器 biosensor | 80 份copies mL−1 | 与传感环境相关Related to the sensing environment | 患有非特异性结合Suffers from non-specific binding | 比酶联免疫吸附法更贵More expensive than ELISA | 5 分钟min | 低检出限The low detection limit (LOD) 可降至 80 份(LOD) can be reduced to 80 parts mL−1 | [70][22] | ||
叉指微电极芯片Interdigitated microelectrode chip | 2.29 × 10−6 纳克 ng/毫升mL | 4.27 × 10−4 纳克 ng/毫升mL | 234:1 | 美元USD 1 | 20 秒s | 线性范围为The linear range is 10−5–10−1 ng/mL;冷链食品检疫策略是实时、敏感、选择性、大规模 the strategy is real-time, sensitive, selective, and large-scale in cold-chain food quarantine | [25][23] | ||
血清抗体免疫学检测Serum antibody immunological test | 分裂荧光素酶抗体生物传感器Split luciferase antibody biosensors | 断续器ND | > 99% | > 98% | ∼15 ¢ | 5 分钟min | 检测抗The sensitivity to detect anti-S蛋白抗体的敏感性为89%,抗N蛋白抗体为98%,两者的特异性均超过 protein antibodies was 89% and anti-N protein antibodies were 98%, and the specificity of both was more than 99% | [71][24] | |
胶体金免疫层析法Colloidal gold immunochromatography assay | 20.00 国际单位IU/毫升mL | 96.2% | 71.1% | 断续器ND | 10–15 分钟min | The IgM/IgG检测结果显示,在150例疑似 test assay demonstrated high sensitivity of 71.1% and specificity of 96.2% in 150 suspect COVID-19病例中,IgM/IgG检测结果显示,敏感性高达71.1%,特异性为96.2%。 cases | [72][25] | ||
化学发光免疫测定Chemiluminescence immunoassay | 0.5–1.5 天文单位AU/毫升mL | 97.5% | 78.65% | 断续器ND | 1 小时h | 抗体检测率高灵敏度、高精度、定量检测、易自动化The antibody detection rate has high sensitivity, high precision, quantitative detection, and easy automation | [73][26] | ||
上转换荧光粉免疫层析法Upconverting phosphor immunochromatography assay | 断续器ND | 99.75% | 89.15% | 断续器ND | 10 分钟min | 灵敏度高,无背景干扰,稳定性好High sensitivity, no interference from the background, and good stability | [74][27] | ||
表面等离子体共振生物传感器Surface plasmon resonance biosensors (SPRS)(SPRS) | 0.22 pM | 断续器ND | 断续器ND | 断续器ND | 断续器ND | The SPR 生物传感器在 2 至biosensor is feasible in the concentration range of 2 to 1000 ng/mL 的浓度范围内是可行的 | [75][28] | ||
DNA辅助纳米孔传感-assisted nanopore sensing | 50 纳克ng/毫升 10 纳克/毫升mL (IgM) 10 ng/mL(IgG) | 断续器ND | 断续器ND | 美元USD 8 | 断续器ND | 与实验室技术相比,灵敏度和特异性高High sensitivity and specificity compared to laboratory techniques | [76][29] | ||
比色荧光双模侧流免疫分析生物传感器Colorimetric-fluorescent dual-mode lateral flow immunoassay biosensor | 10 纳克ng/毫升(IgM) 5 纳克/毫升(IgG)mL(IgM) 5 ng/mL(IgG) | 100% | 断续器ND | 断续器ND | 断续器ND | 该测定法对The combined detection sensitivity and specificity of this assay for IgM/IgG的综合检测灵敏度和特异性为100%,具有快速准确检测的巨大潜力。 is 100%, and it has great potential for rapid and accurate detection | [76][29] | ||
侧流免疫法The lateral flow immunoassay method | 断续器ND | 90.63% | 88.66% | 断续器ND | 15 分钟min | The limits of detection for IgM和IgG的检出限分别为 and IgG were 10 ng/mL和 and 5 ng/mL。, respectively | [77][30] | ||
荧光素酶免疫吸附测定Luciferase immunosorbent assay (LISA)(LISA) | 0.4–75 pg / μl | 100% | 71% | 断续器ND | 约 ~60 分钟min | LISA在 had a sensitivity of 71% in COVID-19患者中的敏感性为71%,在发病后的第二周内对健康献血者的特异性为1 patients and a specificity of 100% in healthy blood donors in the second week after onset | [78][31] | ||
酶联免疫吸附试验Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays | 0.095 ((IgM)) 0.083 (IgG)(IgG) | 断续器ND | 98% | 断续器ND | 80–120 分钟min | 高灵敏度和高特异性High sensitivity and specificity | [79][32] | ||
酶联免疫吸附试验Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays | 断续器ND | 88.2–99.2% ((IgM)) 75.6–98.3% (IgG)(IgG) | 78.2% ((IgG)) 96.6%(IgM)(IgM) | 断续器ND | 1.5 小时h | ELISA用于检测 was used to detect IgG antibodies in confirmed patients with COVID-19确诊患者的IgG抗体,检测IgM抗体的敏感性较低, and the sensitivity to detect IgM antibodies was low | [80][33] | ||
酶联免疫吸附试验Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA)(ELISA) | 断续器ND | 93–100% | 65–85% | 断续器ND | 4 小时h | 检测精度与The detection precision is similar to ELISA相似,但检测范围更宽,灵敏度更高, but the detection range is wider and the sensitivity is higher | [81][34] |