Barriers to Industrial Symbiosis: Comparison
Please note this is a comparison between Version 4 by Changhao Liu and Version 7 by Amina Yu.

Industrial symbiosis (IS) can contribute to achieving a win-win situation between industry and environment for local and regional circular economies. Many authors have recognized that a variety of barriers can hinder the implementation of industrial symbiosis (IS). It is imperative to understand and prioritize the barriers which will provide guidance for the realization of IS projects and assist practitioners and stakeholders with more effective implementation. This, in turn, will contribute to development of circular economies.  Through an extensive literature review, we summarized the research on IS barriers from two aspects: (1) identification of IS barriers and (2) classification of IS barriers. It shows that the current research related to IS barriers is mainly qualitative. There is very little research of a quantitative nature assessing the barriers for operating industrial symbioses. Thus, it is imperative to prioritize the barriers in a comprehensive manner with more case studies. It provides empirical evidence for the study of IS barriers and should be helpful for managers, decision-makers, and policy planners to understand the IS barriers, focus on several critical barriers, and set comprehensive efforts for improving the operation of an IS, which could facilitate the transition to a circular economy.

  • industrial symbiosis
  • industrial ecology
  • barriers
  • circular economy
Please wait, diff process is still running!

References

  1. Chertow, M.R. INDUSTRIAL SYMBIOSIS: Literature and Taxonomy. Annu. Rev. Energy Environ. 2000, 25, 313–337. Yang, T.; Liu, C.; Côté, R.P; Ye, J.; Liu, W. Evaluating the Barriers to Industrial Symbiosis Using a Group AHP-TOPSIS Model. Sustainability 2022, 14, 6815. https://doi.org/10.3390/su14116815.
  2. Yeo, Z.; Masi, D.; Low, J.S.C.; Ng, Y.T.; Tan, P.S.; Barnes, S. Tools for Promoting Industrial Symbiosis: A Systematic Review. J. Ind. Ecol. 2019, 23, 1087–1108. Papathanasoglou, A.; Panagiotidou, M.; Valta, K.; Loizidou, M. Institutional Barriers and Opportunities for the Implementation of Industrial Symbiosis in Greece. Environ. Pract. 2016, 18, 253–259. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1466046616000454.
  3. Walls, J.L.; Paquin, R.L. Organizational Perspectives of Industrial Symbiosis: A Review and Synthesis. Organ. Environ. 2015, 28, 32–53. Watkins, G.; Husgafvel, R.; Pajunen, N.; Dahl, O.; Heiskanen, K. Overcoming Institutional Barriers in the Development of Novel Process Industry Residue Based Symbiosis Products—Case Study at the EU Level. Miner. Eng. 2013, 41, 31–40. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mineng.2012.10.003.
  4. Cervo, H.; Ogé, S.; Maqbool, A.S.; Alva, F.M.; Lessard, L.; Bredimas, A.; Ferrasse, J.-H.; Van Eetvelde, G. A Case Study of Industrial Symbiosis in the Humber Region Using the EPOS Methodology. Sustainability 2019, 11, 6940. Salmi, O.; Hukkinen, J.; Heino, J.; Pajunen, N.; Wierink, M. Governing the Interplay between Industrial Ecosystems and Environmental Regulation. J. Ind. Ecol. 2012, 16, 119–128. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1530-9290.2011.00403.x.
  5. Lüdeke-Freund, F.; Gold, S.; Bocken, N.M.P. A Review and Typology of Circular Economy Business Model Patterns. J. Ind. Ecol. 2019, 23, 36–61. Liu, C.; Ma, C.; Zhang, K. Going beyond the Sectoral Boundary: A Key Stage in the Development of a Regional Industrial Ecosystem. J. Clean. Prod. 2012, 22, 42–49. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2011.09.022.
  6. Boom-Cárcamo, E.; Peñabaena-Niebles, R. Analysis of the Development of Industrial Symbiosis in Emerging and Frontier Market Countries: Barriers and Drivers. Sustainability 2022, 14, 4223. LeBlanc, R.; Tranchant, C.; Gagnon, Y.; Côté, R. Potential for Eco-Industrial Park Development in Moncton, New Brunswick (Canada): A Comparative Analysis. Sustainability 2016, 8, 472. https://doi.org/10.3390/su8050472.
  7. Côté, R.P. Exploring the Analogy Further. J. Ind. Ecol. 2000, 3, 11–12. Park, H.-S.; Won, J.-Y. Ulsan Eco-Industrial Park: Challenges and Opportunities. J. Ind. Ecol. 2008, 11, 11–13. https://doi.org/10.1162/jiec.2007.1346.
  8. Zhu, Q.; Côté, R.P. Integrating Green Supply Chain Management into an Embryonic Eco-Industrial Development: A Case Study of the Guitang Group. J. Clean. Prod. 2004, 12, 1025–1035. Zhu, Q.; Geng, Y.; Sarkis, J.; Lai, K.-H. Barriers to Promoting Eco-Industrial Parks Development in China: Perspectives from Senior Officials at National Industrial Parks. J. Ind. Ecol. 2015, 19, 457–467. https://doi.org/10.1111/jiec.12176.
  9. Henriques, J.; Ferrão, P.; Castro, R.; Azevedo, J. Industrial Symbiosis: A Sectoral Analysis on Enablers and Barriers. Sustainability 2021, 13, 1723. Wolf, A.; Eklund, M.; Soderstrom, M. Towards Cooperation in Industrial Symbiosis: Considering the Importance of the Human Dimension. Prog. Ind. Ecol. Int. J. 2005, 2, 185–199. https://doi.org/10.1504/PIE.2005.007187.
  10. Mortensen, L.; Kørnøv, L. Critical Factors for Industrial Symbiosis Emergence Process. J. Clean. Prod. 2019, 212, 56–69. Ceglia, D.; de Abreu, M.C.S.; Da Silva Filho, J.C.L. Critical Elements for Eco-Retrofitting a Conventional Industrial Park: Social Barriers to Be Overcome. J. Environ. Manag. 2017, 187, 375–383. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2016.10.064.
  11. Yazan, D.M.; Fraccascia, L. Sustainable Operations of Industrial Symbiosis: An Enterprise Input-Output Model Integrated by Agent-Based Simulation. Int. J. Prod. Res. 2018, 58, 392–414. Fichtner, W.; Tietze-Stöckinger, I.; Frank, M.; Rentz, O. Barriers of Interorganisational Environmental Management: Two Case Studies on Industrial Symbiosis. Prog. Ind. Ecol. 2005, 2, 73–88. https://doi.org/10.1504/PIE.2005.006778.
  12. National Development and Reform Commission The Leading Action of Circular Development. Available online: http://www.gov.cn/xinwen/2017-05/04/content_5190902.htm (accessed on 23 April 2022).Tessitore, S.; Daddi, T.; Iraldo, F. Eco-Industrial Parks Development and Integrated Management Challenges: Findings from Italy. Sustainability 2015, 7, 10036–10051. https://doi.org/10.3390/su70810036.
  13. Geng, Y.; Sarkis, J.; Ulgiati, S. Sustainability, Well-Being, and the Circular Economy in China and Worldwide. Science 2016, 6278, 73–76. Sinding, K. Environmental Management beyond the Boundaries of the Firm: Definitions and Constraints. Bus. Strategy Environ. 2000, 9, 79–91. https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1099-0836(200003/04)9:2<79::AID-BSE235>3.0.CO;2-#.
  14. Bacudio, L.R.; Benjamin, M.F.D.; Eusebio, R.C.P.; Holaysan, S.A.K.; Promentilla, M.A.B.; Yu, K.D.S.; Aviso, K.B. Analyzing Barriers to Implementing Industrial Symbiosis Networks Using DEMATEL. Sustain. Prod. Consum. 2016, 7, 57–65. Lambert, A.J.D.; Boons, F.A. Eco-Industrial Parks: Stimulating Sustainable Development in Mixed Industrial Parks. Technovation 2002, 22, 471–484. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0166-4972(01)00040-2.
  15. Golev, A.; Corder, G.D.; Giurco, D.P. Barriers to Industrial Symbiosis: Insights from the Use of a Maturity Grid: Barriers to Industrial Symbiosis. J. Ind. Ecol. 2015, 19, 141–153. Desrochers, P. Cities and Industrial Symbiosis: Some Historical Perspectives and Policy Implications. J. Ind. Ecol. 2001, 5, 29–44. https://doi.org/10.1162/10881980160084024.
  16. Neves, A.; Godina, R.; Azevedo, S.G.; Pimentel, C.; Matias, J.C.O. The Potential of Industrial Symbiosis: Case Analysis and Main Drivers and Barriers to Its Implementation. Sustainability 2019, 11, 7095. Raabe, B.; Low, J.S.C.; Juraschek, M.; Herrmann, C.; Tjandra, T.B.; Ng, Y.T.; Kurle, D.; Cerdas, F.; Lueckenga, J.; Yeo, Z.; et al. Collaboration Platform for Enabling Industrial Symbiosis: Application of the By-Product Exchange Network Model. Procedia CIRP 2017, 61, 263–268. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.procir.2016.11.225.
  17. Van Beers, D.; Bossilkov, A.; Corder, G.; Berkel, R. Industrial Symbiosis in the Australian Minerals Industry: The Cases of Kwinana and Gladstone. J. Ind. Ecol. 2007, 11, 55–72. Sakr, D.; Baas, L.; El-Haggar, S.; Huisingh, D. Critical Success and Limiting Factors for Eco-Industrial Parks: Global Trends and Egyptian Context. J. Clean. Prod. 2011, 19, 1158–1169.
  18. Madsen, J.K.; Boisen, N.; Nielsen, L.U.; Tackmann, L.H. Industrial Symbiosis Exchanges: Developing a Guideline to Companies. Waste Biomass Valorization 2015, 6, 855–864. Mirata, M. Experiences from Early Stages of a National Industrial Symbiosis Programme in the UK: Determinants and Coordination Challenges. J. Clean. Prod. 2004, 12, 967–983. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2004.02.031.
  19. Boons, F.; Chertow, M.; Park, J.; Spekkink, W.; Shi, H. Industrial Symbiosis Dynamics and the Problem of Equivalence: Proposal for a Comparative Framework. J. Ind. Ecol. 2016, 21, 938–952. Gibbs, D. Trust and Networking in Inter-Firm Relations: The Case of Eco-Industrial Development. Local Econ. J. Local Econ. Policy Unit 2003, 18, 222–236. https://doi.org/10.1080/0269094032000114595.
  20. Grant, G.B.; Seager, T.P.; Massard, G.; Nies, L. Information and Communication Technology for Industrial Symbiosis. J. Ind. Ecol. 2010, 14, 740–753. Heeres, R.R.; Vermeulen, W.J.V.; de Walle, F.B. Eco-Industrial Park Initiatives in the USA and the Netherlands: First Lessons. J. Clean. Prod. 2004, 12, 985–995. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2004.02.014.
  21. Ritzén, S.; Sandström, G.Ö. Barriers to the Circular Economy—Integration of Perspectives and Domains. Procedia CIRP 2017, 64, 7–12. Brand, E.; Bruijn, T. de Shared Responsibility at the Regional Level: The Building of Sustainable Industrial Estates. Eur. Environ. 1999, 9, 221–231. https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1099-0976(199911/12)9:6<221::AID-EET209>3.0.CO;2-Z.
  22. Notarnicola, B.; Tassielli, G.; Renzulli, P.A. Industrial Symbiosis in the Taranto Industrial District: Current Level, Constraints and Potential New Synergies. J. Clean. Prod. 2016, 122, 133–143. Mangan, A.; Olivetti, E. By-Product Synergy Networks: Driving Innovation through Waste Reduction and Carbon Mitigation. In Sustainable Development in the Process Industries; John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.: Hoboken, NJ, USA, 2010; pp. 81–108; ISBN 978-0-470-58609-9.
  23. Promentilla, M.A.B.; Bacudio, L.R.; Benjamin, M.F.D.; Chiu, A.S.F.; Yu, K.D.S.; Tan, R.R.; Aviso, K.B. Problematique Approach to Analyse Barriers in Implementing Industrial Ecology in Philippine Industrial Parks. Chem. Eng. Trans. 2016, 52, 811–816. Jiao, W.; Boons, F. Toward a Research Agenda for Policy Intervention and Facilitation to Enhance Industrial Symbiosis Based on a Comprehensive Literature Review. J. Clean. Prod. 2014, 67, 14–25. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2013.12.050.
  24. Pajunen, N.; Watkins, G.; Husgafvel, R.; Heiskanen, K.; Dahl, O. The Challenge to Overcome Institutional Barriers in the Development of Industrial Residue Based Novel Symbiosis Products—Experiences from Finnish Process Industry. Miner. Eng. 2013, 46–47, 144–156. Chiu, A.S.F.; Geng, Y. On the Industrial Ecology Potential in Asian Developing Countries. J. Clean. Prod. 2004, 12, 1037–1045. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2004.02.013.
  25. Papathanasoglou, A.; Panagiotidou, M.; Valta, K.; Loizidou, M. Institutional Barriers and Opportunities for the Implementation of Industrial Symbiosis in Greece. Environ. Pract. 2016, 18, 253–259. Van Eijk, F. Barriers & Drivers towards a Circular Economy. Literature Review. Available online: www.circulairondernemen.nl/uploads/e00e8643951aef8adde612123e824493.pdf (accessed on 17 March 2022)
  26. Watkins, G.; Husgafvel, R.; Pajunen, N.; Dahl, O.; Heiskanen, K. Overcoming Institutional Barriers in the Development of Novel Process Industry Residue Based Symbiosis Products—Case Study at the EU Level. Miner. Eng. 2013, 41, 31–40. Lehtoranta, S.; Nissinen, A.; Mattila, T.; Melanen, M. Industrial Symbiosis and the Policy Instruments of Sustainable Consumption and Production. J. Clean. Prod. 2011, 19, 1865–1875. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2011.04.002.
  27. Salmi, O.; Hukkinen, J.; Heino, J.; Pajunen, N.; Wierink, M. Governing the Interplay between Industrial Ecosystems and Environmental Regulation. J. Ind. Ecol. 2012, 16, 119–128. Gibbs, D.; Deutz, P. Reflections on Implementing Industrial Ecology through Eco-Industrial Park Development. J. Clean. Prod. 2007, 15, 1683–1695. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2007.02.003.
  28. Liu, C.; Ma, C.; Zhang, K. Going beyond the Sectoral Boundary: A Key Stage in the Development of a Regional Industrial Ecosystem. J. Clean. Prod. 2012, 22, 42–49. Singh, R.K.; Kumar, A.; Garza-Reyes, J.A.; de Sá, M.M. Managing Operations for Circular Economy in the Mining Sector: An Analysis of Barriers Intensity. Resour. Policy 2020, 69, 101752. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resourpol.2020.101752.
  29. LeBlanc, R.; Tranchant, C.; Gagnon, Y.; Côté, R. Potential for Eco-Industrial Park Development in Moncton, New Brunswick (Canada): A Comparative Analysis. Sustainability 2016, 8, 472. Chen, X.; Fujita, T.; Ohnishi, S.; Fujii, M.; Geng, Y. The Impact of Scale, Recycling Boundary, and Type of Waste on Symbiosis and Recycling. J. Ind. Ecol. 2012, 16, 129–141. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1530-9290.2011.00422.x.
  30. Park, H.-S.; Won, J.-Y. Ulsan Eco-Industrial Park: Challenges and Opportunities. J. Ind. Ecol. 2008, 11, 11–13. Côté, R.P.; Cohen-Rosenthal, E. Designing Eco-Industrial Parks: A Synthesis of Some Experiences. J. Clean. Prod. 1998, 6, 181–188. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0959-6526(98)00029-8.
  31. Zhu, Q.; Geng, Y.; Sarkis, J.; Lai, K.-H. Barriers to Promoting Eco-Industrial Parks Development in China: Perspectives from Senior Officials at National Industrial Parks. J. Ind. Ecol. 2015, 19, 457–467. Tudor, T.; Adam, E.; Bates, M. Drivers and Limitations for the Successful Development and Functioning of EIPs (Eco-Industrial Parks): A Literature Review. Ecol. Econ. 2007, 61, 199–207. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolecon.2006.10.010.
  32. Wolf, A.; Eklund, M.; Soderstrom, M. Towards Cooperation in Industrial Symbiosis: Considering the Importance of the Human Dimension. Prog. Ind. Ecol. Int. J. 2005, 2, 185–199. Ayres, R.U. On the Life Cycle Metaphor: Where Ecology and Economics Diverge. Ecol. Econ. 2004, 48, 425–438. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolecon.2003.10.018.
  33. Ceglia, D.; de Abreu, M.C.S.; Da Silva Filho, J.C.L. Critical Elements for Eco-Retrofitting a Conventional Industrial Park: Social Barriers to Be Overcome. J. Environ. Manag. 2017, 187, 375–383. Guo, B.; Geng, Y.; Sterr, T.; Dong, L.; Liu, Y. Evaluation of Promoting Industrial Symbiosis in a Chemical Industrial Park: A Case of Midong. J. Clean. Prod. 2016, 135, 995–1008. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2016.07.006.
  34. Fichtner, W.; Tietze-Stöckinger, I.; Frank, M.; Rentz, O. Barriers of Interorganisational Environmental Management: Two Case Studies on Industrial Symbiosis. Prog. Ind. Ecol. 2005, 2, 73–88. Yu, F.; Han, F.; Cui, Z. Evolution of Industrial Symbiosis in an Eco-Industrial Park in China. J. Clean. Prod. 2015, 87, 339–347. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2014.10.058.
  35. Tessitore, S.; Daddi, T.; Iraldo, F. Eco-Industrial Parks Development and Integrated Management Challenges: Findings from Italy. Sustainability 2015, 7, 10036–10051. Liu, Z.; Adams, M.; Côté, R.P.; Geng, Y.; Li, Y. Comparative Study on the Pathways of Industrial Parks towards Sustainable Development between China and Canada. Resour. Conserv. Recycl. 2018, 128, 417–425. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resconrec.2016.06.012.
  36. Sinding, K. Environmental Management beyond the Boundaries of the Firm: Definitions and Constraints. Bus. Strategy Environ. 2000, 9, 79–91. Costa, I.; Massard, G.; Agarwal, A. Waste Management Policies for Industrial Symbiosis Development: Case Studies in European Countries. J. Clean. Prod. 2010, 18, 815–822. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2009.12.019.
  37. Lambert, A.J.D.; Boons, F.A. Eco-Industrial Parks: Stimulating Sustainable Development in Mixed Industrial Parks. Technovation 2002, 22, 471–484. Panyathanakun, V.; Tantayanon, S.; Tingsabhat, C.; Charmondusit, K. Development of Eco-Industrial Estates in Thailand: Initiatives in the Northern Region Community-Based Eco-Industrial Estate. J. Clean. Prod. 2013, 51, 71–79. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2012.09.033.
  38. Desrochers, P. Cities and Industrial Symbiosis: Some Historical Perspectives and Policy Implications. J. Ind. Ecol. 2001, 5, 29–44. Park, H.-S.; Rene, E.R.; Choi, S.-M.; Chiu, A.S.F. Strategies for Sustainable Development of Industrial Park in Ulsan, South Korea—From Spontaneous Evolution to Systematic Expansion of Industrial Symbiosis. J. Environ. Manag. 2008, 87, 1–13. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2006.12.045.
  39. Raabe, B.; Low, J.S.C.; Juraschek, M.; Herrmann, C.; Tjandra, T.B.; Ng, Y.T.; Kurle, D.; Cerdas, F.; Lueckenga, J.; Yeo, Z.; et al. Collaboration Platform for Enabling Industrial Symbiosis: Application of the By-Product Exchange Network Model. Procedia CIRP 2017, 61, 263–268. Geng, Y.; Doberstein, B. Developing the Circular Economy in China: Challenges and Opportunities for Achieving “Leapfrog Development.” Int. J. Sustain. Dev. World Ecol. 2008, 15, 231–239. https://doi.org/10.3843/SusDev.15.3:6.
  40. Sakr, D.; Baas, L.; El-Haggar, S.; Huisingh, D. Critical Success and Limiting Factors for Eco-Industrial Parks: Global Trends and Egyptian Context. J. Clean. Prod. 2011, 19, 1158–1169. Chertow, M.R. “Uncovering” Industrial Symbiosis. J. Ind. Ecol. 2007, 11, 11–30. https://doi.org/10.1162/jiec.2007.1110.
  41. Mirata, M. Experiences from Early Stages of a National Industrial Symbiosis Programme in the UK: Determinants and Coordination Challenges. J. Clean. Prod. 2004, 12, 967–983. Ehrenfeld, J.; Gertler, N. Industrial Ecology in Practice: The Evolution of Interdependence at Kalundborg. J. Ind. Ecol. 1997, 1, 67–79. https://doi.org/10.1162/jiec.1997.1.1.67.
  42. Gibbs, D. Trust and Networking in Inter-Firm Relations: The Case of Eco-Industrial Development. Local Econ. J. Local Econ. Policy Unit 2003, 18, 222–236. Branca, T.A.; Fornai, B.; Colla, V.; Pistelli, M.I.; Faraci, E.L.; Cirilli, F.; Schröder, A.J. Industrial Symbiosis and Energy Efficiency in European Process Industries: A Review. Sustainability 2021, 13, 9159. https://doi.org/10.3390/su13169159.
  43. Heeres, R.R.; Vermeulen, W.J.V.; de Walle, F.B. Eco-Industrial Park Initiatives in the USA and the Netherlands: First Lessons. J. Clean. Prod. 2004, 12, 985–995. Lombardi, R. Non-Technical Barriers to (and Drivers for) the Circular Economy through Industrial Symbiosis: A Practical Input. Econ. Policy Energy Environ. 2017, 1–2, 171–189. https://doi.org/10.3280/EFE2017-001009.
  44. Brand, E.; de Bruijn, T. Shared Responsibility at the Regional Level: The Building of Sustainable Industrial Estates. Eur. Environ. 1999, 9, 221–231. Brand, E.; Bruijn, T. de Shared Responsibility at the Regional Level: The Building of Sustainable Industrial Estates. Eur. Environ. 1999, 9, 221–231. https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1099-0976(199911/12)9:6<221::AID-EET209>3.0.CO;2-Z.
  45. Mangan, A.; Olivetti, E. By-Product Synergy Networks: Driving Innovation through Waste Reduction and Carbon Mitigation. In Sustainable Development in the Process Industries; John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.: Hoboken, NJ, USA, 2010; pp. 81–108. ISBN 978-0-470-58609-9. Mangan, A.; Olivetti, E. By-Product Synergy Networks: Driving Innovation through Waste Reduction and Carbon Mitigation. In Sustainable Development in the Process Industries; John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.: Hoboken, NJ, USA, 2010; pp. 81–108; ISBN 978-0-470-58609-9.
  46. Jiao, W.; Boons, F. Toward a Research Agenda for Policy Intervention and Facilitation to Enhance Industrial Symbiosis Based on a Comprehensive Literature Review. J. Clean. Prod. 2014, 67, 14–25. Jiao, W.; Boons, F. Toward a Research Agenda for Policy Intervention and Facilitation to Enhance Industrial Symbiosis Based on a Comprehensive Literature Review. J. Clean. Prod. 2014, 67, 14–25. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2013.12.050.
  47. Chiu, A.S.F.; Geng, Y. On the Industrial Ecology Potential in Asian Developing Countries. J. Clean. Prod. 2004, 12, 1037–1045. Chiu, A.S.F.; Geng, Y. On the Industrial Ecology Potential in Asian Developing Countries. J. Clean. Prod. 2004, 12, 1037–1045. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2004.02.013.
  48. Van Eijk, F. Barriers & Drivers towards a Circular Economy. Literature Review. Available online: www.circulairondernemen.nl/uploads/e00e8643951aef8adde612123e824493.pdf (accessed on 17 March 2022).Van Eijk, F. Barriers & Drivers towards a Circular Economy. Literature Review. Available online: www.circulairondernemen.nl/uploads/e00e8643951aef8adde612123e824493.pdf (accessed on 17 March 2022)
  49. Lehtoranta, S.; Nissinen, A.; Mattila, T.; Melanen, M. Industrial Symbiosis and the Policy Instruments of Sustainable Consumption and Production. J. Clean. Prod. 2011, 19, 1865–1875. Lehtoranta, S.; Nissinen, A.; Mattila, T.; Melanen, M. Industrial Symbiosis and the Policy Instruments of Sustainable Consumption and Production. J. Clean. Prod. 2011, 19, 1865–1875. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2011.04.002.
  50. Gibbs, D.; Deutz, P. Reflections on Implementing Industrial Ecology through Eco-Industrial Park Development. J. Clean. Prod. 2007, 15, 1683–1695. Gibbs, D.; Deutz, P. Reflections on Implementing Industrial Ecology through Eco-Industrial Park Development. J. Clean. Prod. 2007, 15, 1683–1695. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2007.02.003.
  51. Singh, R.K.; Kumar, A.; Garza-Reyes, J.A.; de Sá, M.M. Managing Operations for Circular Economy in the Mining Sector: An Analysis of Barriers Intensity. Resour. Policy 2020, 69, 101752. Singh, R.K.; Kumar, A.; Garza-Reyes, J.A.; de Sá, M.M. Managing Operations for Circular Economy in the Mining Sector: An Analysis of Barriers Intensity. Resour. Policy 2020, 69, 101752. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resourpol.2020.101752.
  52. Chen, X.; Fujita, T.; Ohnishi, S.; Fujii, M.; Geng, Y. The Impact of Scale, Recycling Boundary, and Type of Waste on Symbiosis and Recycling. J. Ind. Ecol. 2012, 16, 129–141. Chen, X.; Fujita, T.; Ohnishi, S.; Fujii, M.; Geng, Y. The Impact of Scale, Recycling Boundary, and Type of Waste on Symbiosis and Recycling. J. Ind. Ecol. 2012, 16, 129–141. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1530-9290.2011.00422.x.
  53. Côté, R.P.; Cohen-Rosenthal, E. Designing Eco-Industrial Parks: A Synthesis of Some Experiences. J. Clean. Prod. 1998, 6, 181–188. Côté, R.P.; Cohen-Rosenthal, E. Designing Eco-Industrial Parks: A Synthesis of Some Experiences. J. Clean. Prod. 1998, 6, 181–188. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0959-6526(98)00029-8.
  54. Tudor, T.; Adam, E.; Bates, M. Drivers and Limitations for the Successful Development and Functioning of EIPs (Eco-Industrial Parks): A Literature Review. Ecol. Econ. 2007, 61, 199–207. Tudor, T.; Adam, E.; Bates, M. Drivers and Limitations for the Successful Development and Functioning of EIPs (Eco-Industrial Parks): A Literature Review. Ecol. Econ. 2007, 61, 199–207. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolecon.2006.10.010.
  55. Ayres, R.U. On the Life Cycle Metaphor: Where Ecology and Economics Diverge. Ecol. Econ. 2004, 48, 425–438. Ayres, R.U. On the Life Cycle Metaphor: Where Ecology and Economics Diverge. Ecol. Econ. 2004, 48, 425–438. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolecon.2003.10.018.
  56. Guo, B.; Geng, Y.; Sterr, T.; Dong, L.; Liu, Y. Evaluation of Promoting Industrial Symbiosis in a Chemical Industrial Park: A Case of Midong. J. Clean. Prod. 2016, 135, 995–1008. Guo, B.; Geng, Y.; Sterr, T.; Dong, L.; Liu, Y. Evaluation of Promoting Industrial Symbiosis in a Chemical Industrial Park: A Case of Midong. J. Clean. Prod. 2016, 135, 995–1008. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2016.07.006.
  57. Yu, F.; Han, F.; Cui, Z. Evolution of Industrial Symbiosis in an Eco-Industrial Park in China. J. Clean. Prod. 2015, 87, 339–347. Yu, F.; Han, F.; Cui, Z. Evolution of Industrial Symbiosis in an Eco-Industrial Park in China. J. Clean. Prod. 2015, 87, 339–347. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2014.10.058.
  58. Liu, Z.; Adams, M.; Côté, R.P.; Geng, Y.; Li, Y. Comparative Study on the Pathways of Industrial Parks towards Sustainable Development between China and Canada. Resour. Conserv. Recycl. 2018, 128, 417–425. Liu, Z.; Adams, M.; Côté, R.P.; Geng, Y.; Li, Y. Comparative Study on the Pathways of Industrial Parks towards Sustainable Development between China and Canada. Resour. Conserv. Recycl. 2018, 128, 417–425. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resconrec.2016.06.012.
  59. Costa, I.; Massard, G.; Agarwal, A. Waste Management Policies for Industrial Symbiosis Development: Case Studies in European Countries. J. Clean. Prod. 2010, 18, 815–822. Costa, I.; Massard, G.; Agarwal, A. Waste Management Policies for Industrial Symbiosis Development: Case Studies in European Countries. J. Clean. Prod. 2010, 18, 815–822. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2009.12.019.
  60. Panyathanakun, V.; Tantayanon, S.; Tingsabhat, C.; Charmondusit, K. Development of Eco-Industrial Estates in Thailand: Initiatives in the Northern Region Community-Based Eco-Industrial Estate. J. Clean. Prod. 2013, 51, 71–79. Panyathanakun, V.; Tantayanon, S.; Tingsabhat, C.; Charmondusit, K. Development of Eco-Industrial Estates in Thailand: Initiatives in the Northern Region Community-Based Eco-Industrial Estate. J. Clean. Prod. 2013, 51, 71–79. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2012.09.033.
  61. Park, H.-S.; Rene, E.R.; Choi, S.-M.; Chiu, A.S.F. Strategies for Sustainable Development of Industrial Park in Ulsan, South Korea—From Spontaneous Evolution to Systematic Expansion of Industrial Symbiosis. J. Environ. Manag. 2008, 87, 1–13. Park, H.-S.; Rene, E.R.; Choi, S.-M.; Chiu, A.S.F. Strategies for Sustainable Development of Industrial Park in Ulsan, South Korea—From Spontaneous Evolution to Systematic Expansion of Industrial Symbiosis. J. Environ. Manag. 2008, 87, 1–13. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2006.12.045.
  62. Geng, Y.; Doberstein, B. Developing the Circular Economy in China: Challenges and Opportunities for Achieving “Leapfrog Development”. Int. J. Sustain. Dev. World Ecol. 2008, 15, 231–239. Geng, Y.; Doberstein, B. Developing the Circular Economy in China: Challenges and Opportunities for Achieving “Leapfrog Development.” Int. J. Sustain. Dev. World Ecol. 2008, 15, 231–239. https://doi.org/10.3843/SusDev.15.3:6.
  63. Chertow, M.R. “Uncovering” Industrial Symbiosis. J. Ind. Ecol. 2007, 11, 11–30. Chertow, M.R. “Uncovering” Industrial Symbiosis. J. Ind. Ecol. 2007, 11, 11–30. https://doi.org/10.1162/jiec.2007.1110.
  64. Ehrenfeld, J.; Gertler, N. Industrial Ecology in Practice: The Evolution of Interdependence at Kalundborg. J. Ind. Ecol. 1997, 1, 67–79. Ehrenfeld, J.; Gertler, N. Industrial Ecology in Practice: The Evolution of Interdependence at Kalundborg. J. Ind. Ecol. 1997, 1, 67–79. https://doi.org/10.1162/jiec.1997.1.1.67.
  65. Branca, T.A.; Fornai, B.; Colla, V.; Pistelli, M.I.; Faraci, E.L.; Cirilli, F.; Schröder, A.J. Industrial Symbiosis and Energy Efficiency in European Process Industries: A Review. Sustainability 2021, 13, 9159. Branca, T.A.; Fornai, B.; Colla, V.; Pistelli, M.I.; Faraci, E.L.; Cirilli, F.; Schröder, A.J. Industrial Symbiosis and Energy Efficiency in European Process Industries: A Review. Sustainability 2021, 13, 9159. https://doi.org/10.3390/su13169159.
  66. Lombardi, R. Non-Technical Barriers to (and Drivers for) the Circular Economy through Industrial Symbiosis: A Practical Input. Econ. Policy Energy Environ. 2017, 1–2, 171–189. Lombardi, R. Non-Technical Barriers to (and Drivers for) the Circular Economy through Industrial Symbiosis: A Practical Input. Econ. Policy Energy Environ. 2017, 1–2, 171–189. https://doi.org/10.3280/EFE2017-001009.
  67. Saaty, T.L. A Scaling Method for Priorities in Hierarchical Structures. J. Math. Psychol. 1977, 15, 234–281. Yang, T.; Liu, C.; Côté, R.P; Ye, J.; Liu, W. Evaluating the Barriers to Industrial Symbiosis Using a Group AHP-TOPSIS Model. Sustainability 2022, 14, 6815. https://doi.org/10.3390/su14116815.
More
ScholarVision Creations