Energy harvesting technology renders a solution of powering small electronics by harnessing energy from ambient energy sources, such as solar, radio frequency (RF), thermal, and vibration. The rapid development of micro-electronic and micro-electromechanical systems (MEMS) has dramatically reduced the power supply demand. For example, the power consumption of some up-to-date embedded micro-controllers in ultra-low-power mode has been reduced to about 30–250 nW. Therefore, employing energy harvesting technology to provide a sustainable power supply has become possible in a wide range of applications, including wireless remote sensors for structural health monitoring [9], implanted sensors for medical devices, etc.
Mechanisms | Methodologies | Frequency Ranges | Representative Designs | References | Applications * | Features |
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Impact | Mechanical impact | 1–50 Hz | ![]() |
Yang et al. [50] Halim et al. [51] Halim et al. [52] |
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Impact | Mechanical impact | 1–50 Hz | ![]() |
Yang et al. [11] Halim et al. [12] Halim et al. [13] |
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Plucking | Mechanical plucking | 10–50 Hz | ![]() |
Priya et al. [53] Pozzi et al. [54] Tan et al. [55] |
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Priya et al. | [ | 14 | ] Pozzi et al. [15] | ||
Plucking | Mechanical plucking | 10–50 Hz | ![]() | Tan et al. [16] |
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Magnetic plucking | 10–100 Hz | ||||
Magnetic plucking | |||||
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10–100 Hz | |||||
Zhao et al. [ | 56 | ] | |||
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Kulah et al. [ | 57 | ] Fan et al. [ | |||
Zhao et al. | [ | 17] | |||
58 | ] | Kuang et al. [59] | |||
Kulah et al. | [ | 18] Fan et al. [19] Kuang et al. [20] | |||
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Snap-through | 1–30 Hz |
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Snap-through | |||||
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Ando et al. [ | |||||
1–30 Hz | |||||
60 | |||||
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Ando et al. | [ | 21 | ] |
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