There are many
sabout
udies on the prevalence of
H. pylori, and its risk factors and pathways
[9,17,18][1][2][3]. It is claimed that half of the world’s population is infected with
H. pylori, but it is clear that more evidence-based research is still needed. The incidence of this infection is higher in low socioeconomic status groups and developing countries
[19][4]. Vilaichone et al. found that the prevalence of
H. pylori varies not only from country to country but also in different regions of the same country
[20][5]. Its prevalence is significantly difficult to determine, as no health system compiles registry-based results of the prevalence of
H. pylori in developing countries
[21][6].
According to the regional prevalence estimates, there are approximately 4.4 billion
H. pylori-infected people worldwide
[22][7]. The countries with the highest
H. pylori burden compared with the general population were found to be Nigeria, Portugal, Estonia, Kazakhstan, and Pakistan, and the lowest burden was in Switzerland
[21][6].
In the study of Mezmale et al. (2020), a high prevalence of
H. pylori infection was determined in Russia, Jordan, Iran, China, Canada, and Latin American countries
[23][8].
Studies conducted in Turkey show that the rate of
H. pylori infection is high. For example,
in a study by Uyanıkoğlu et al. in 2010, 918 of 1298 patients who had antrum biopsy were positive for
H. pylori. The prevalence of
H. pylori infection is similar in males and females, and the incidence of
H. pylori infection is 73.2% between the ages of 14 and 30, 71.5% between the ages of 31 and 45, 68.6% between the ages of 46 and 60, and 70.4% between the ages of 61 and 88
[24][9].
In a study conducted by Özen et al. in 2011, 161 of 473 children studying in four different primary and secondary schools in Istanbul were found to be
H. pylori-positive
[25][10]. Similarly, Özaydın et al. screened 4622 people for
H. pylori infection in 55 cities using the C-urea breath test in 2013, and 3852 people (2075 females and 1777 males) were found to be positive for
H. pylori [26][11]. In the review by Hooi et al., it was reported that
three studi
es were conducted in n Turkey up to 2015, the total number of participants was 6036, and the prevalence was 77.2%
[21][6].
In a study conducted by Soylu et al. in 2019, the number of
H. pylori-positive patients was found to be 46 (21 females and 25 males) in biopsy samples taken from 88 patients (53 females and 35 males) aged 18–77 years with dyspeptic complaints. Compared with the total number of participants, male patients were found to be more
H. pylori-positive
[27][12].
A study conducted iIn Nepal
, it was reported that 18.2% of 6- to 59-month-old children, 14% of boys and 16% of girls aged 10–19 years, and 40% of non-pregnant women aged 20–49 years were infected with
H. pylori [28][13].