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[51] |
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-
Dairy manure
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Pyrolysis: 800 °C, 3.5 h, N2 atmosphere
-
Anaerobic digestion: 37 °C, 35 days
Acid (HCl) washing
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-
OFGs, C=C, pyridinic N, and graphitic N allowed electron transfer for •OH, •O2−, and 1O2 formation
|
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Electron-rich C=O promoted •O2− and 1O2 generation
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Graphitic N accelerated electron transfer from carbon to O2 for 1O2 formation
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Pyridine N was not an active site
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Graphitic structure facilitated electron transfer between SMX and PMS
-
Removal efficiency decreased from 90.2% to 62.5% in 5th cycle
[39] |
|
[ | 52 | ] |
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Straw
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Pyrolysis: 600 °C, 30 min
-
Pyrolysis: 700 °C, 2 h, N2 atmosphere
Pyrolysis + kaolin: 1100 °C, 30 min, N2 atmosphere
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|
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[TC] = 20 mg L−1, [Biochar] = 200 mg L−1, [PDS] = 2 mM, pH = 7
-
<30% removed after 1 h of adsorption and 80% removed after 20 min from H2O2 addition
|
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[40] |
| |
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[53] |
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-
Electron transfer pathway from PFRs to H2O2 was responsible for •OH formation
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TC adsorption can block the active site and minimize reactions between PFRs and H2O2, lowering activation performance
-
Removal efficiency decreased from 100% to 74.5% in 4th run
|
[41] |
[ | 54 | ] |
|
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-
Wheat straw + B doping
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Pyrolysis: 900 °C, 2 h, N2 atmosphere
-
KOH activation: 600 °C, 2 h, N2 atmosphere
|
|
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-
HO2• and •OH are a function of H2O2 concentration
-
Catalytic degradation preferred lower pH due to the higher oxidative potential of HO2• and •OH, slower decomposition of H2O2 to H2O and O2, and formation of inner-sphere complexes of Fe oxides and OG
|
-
B species acted as Lewis acid sites enhancing PDS adsorption
-
Defects and sp.2-conjugated π-system facilitated electron transfer
-
B substitution in carbon matrix enhanced catalyst stability due to active sites reversible transformation during catalytic activation
-
Removal efficiency decreased from 92% to 90% in 5th cycle
[42] |
|
|
[ | 55] |
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Sugarcane bagasse + steel pickling waste liquor
-
Pyrolysis: 400 °C, 2 h, N2 atmosphere
|
|
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[43] |