Autophagy is an important pathway of degrading excess and abnormal proteins and organelles through their engulfment into autophagosomes that subsequently fuse with the vacuole. Autophagy-related genes (ATGs) are essential for the formation of autophagosomes. To date, about 35 ATGs have been identified in Arabidopsis, which are involved in the occurrence and regulation of autophagy. Among these, 17 proteins are related to resistance against plant pathogens. The transcription coactivator non-expressor of pathogenesis-related genes 1 (NPR1) is involved in innate immunity and acquired resistance in plants, which regulates most salicylic acid (SA)-responsive genes.
Gene | Protein | Relationship | References |
---|---|---|---|
AT3G61960 AT3G53930 |
ATG1a ATG1b |
NPR1 inhibited the mRNA expression of ATG1 during Psm ES4326/AvrRpt2 infections. | [61][42] |
AT3G19190 | ATG2 | Accumulation of ubiquitinated proteins and increased ER stress in older atg2 mutants which were suppressed by mutations in NPR1. NPR1 somehow suppressed cell death in atg2 mutants upon pathogen infection. | [54][43] |
AT2G44140 AT3G59950 |
ATG4a ATG4b |
ATG4 inhibited the consumption of free SA and alleviated the degradation of NPR1 during Psm ES4326/AvrRpt2 induced autophagy-dependent HR. | [61][42] |
AT5G17290 | ATG5 | Pathogen-induced spread of chlorotic cell death and BTH hypersensitivity in atg5 mutants required NPR1. | [57][44] |
AT3G61710 | ATG6 | NPR1 inhibited the mRNA expression of ATG6 during Psm ES4326/AvrRpt2 infections. | [61][42] |
AT4G21980 | ATG8a | NPR1 inhibited the mRNA expression of ATG8a during Psm ES4326/AvrRpt2 infections. | [61][42] |