氟在自然界中广泛分布,具有多种生理功能。虽然它通常被认为是人类必不可少的微量元素,但这一观点并不普遍。此外,慢性氟中毒,主要以骨骼氟化物为特征,可由长期过量的氟化物消费引起。环境中氟化物浓度高和饮用水是主要原因,骨骼氟化物患者主要表现为骨硬化、骨质疏松症、骨质疏松症、骨质疏松症和关节软骨退行性变化。骨骼氟化物的病因已经确定,但具体的发病机制没有定论。目前,活跃的骨骼生成和加速骨周转被认为是骨骼氟化进展的关键过程。近年来,研究人员在信号通路领域进行了广泛的研究(Fluorine is widely dispersed in nature and has multiple physiological functions. Although it is usually regarded as an essential trace element for humans, this view is not held universally. Moreover, chronic fluorosis, mainly characterized by skeletal fluorosis, can be induced by long-term excessive fluoride consumption. High concentrations of fluoride in the environment and drinking water are major causes, and patients with skeletal fluorosis mainly present with symptoms of osteosclerosis, osteochondrosis, osteoporosis, and degenerative changes in joint cartilage. Etiologies for skeletal fluorosis have been established, but the specific pathogenesis is inconclusive. Currently, active osteogenesis and accelerated bone turnover are considered critical processes in the progression of skeletal fluorosis. In recent years, researchers have conducted extensive studies in fields of signaling pathways (Wnt/β-卡特宁, 诺奇、catenin, Notch, PI3K/Akt/mTOR、刺猪、甲状旁腺激素和胰岛素信号通路)、应激通路(氧化应激和内质视网膜应激通路)、表观遗传学(DNA甲基化和非编码RNA),及其参与骨骼氟化发病机制的相互调节。, Hedgehog, parathyroid hone, and insulin signaling pathways), stress pathways (oxidative stress and endoplasmic reticulum stress pathways), epigenetics (DNA methylation and non-coding RNAs), and their inter-regulation involved in the pathogenesis of skeletal fluorosis.