In order to reduce the antimicrobials used in livestock, it's important to find natural and sustainable molecules that boost animal performance and health. Brown seaweeds seem to be a promising dietary intervention in pigs in order to boost the immune system, antioxidant status and gut health.
Algae Supplement | Dose | Animal | Control | Supplemented | Diff. % | Ref. | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
A. nodosum | Dried seaweed 2.5–5–10 g/kg | Weaning to 28 d | 0.220 | 0.209 | −5.0 | [20] | [60] |
0.198 | −10.0 | ||||||
0.213 | −3.18 | ||||||
A. nodosum | Dried seaweed 10–20 g/kg | Weaning to 11 d | 0.027 | ||||
21 to 56 d | |||||||
0.401 | |||||||
0.380 | |||||||
−5.24 | |||||||
[ | |||||||
36 | |||||||
] | |||||||
[ | |||||||
57 | |||||||
] | |||||||
56–160 d | |||||||
0.798 | |||||||
0.824 * | |||||||
+3.26 | |||||||
Algae Supplement | Dose g/kg | Animal | Effects on Digestibility | Treatment vs. Control, % | Ref. | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
] | |||||||||||||||
A. nodosum | Dried intact (2.5 g/kg) |
Male Pigs, 45 kg LW |
NS | – | [37] | [73] | |||||||||
A. nodosum | Dried intact (10–20 g/kg) | Weaned piglets (35 d age) | NS | – | [21] | [42] | |||||||||
Brown seaweed | Alginates olisaccharides (100 mg/kg) |
Weaned piglets, 6.2 kg LW | Improved digestibility of | [23] | [62] | 0.054 | |||||||||
N, fat, ash | +100 | GE | +6.7% +10.8% +25.9% +4.0% | [ | 21 | ] | [42] | ||||||||
0.040 | +48.14 | ||||||||||||||
Ecklonia cava | Seaweed (0.5–1—1.5 g/kg) | s | Weaned piglets 7.8 kg LW | Improved digestibility of GE | +3.3% (1g/kg) | [24] | [63] | Brown seaweed | Alginic acid oligosaccharides (50–100–200 mg/kg) |
Weaning to 14 d | |||||
Laminaria digitata | 0.216 | LAM + FUC (0.314–0.250 g/kg) |
Weaned piglets, 7.2 kg LW | 0.248 (50) | +14.81 | Improved digestibility of | [25] | [64] | [22] | [61] | |||||
0.304 * (100) | +40.78 | ||||||||||||||
OM, N, NDF, GE |
+4.5% +7.3% +73.3% +5.9% |
0.301 * (200) | +39.35 | ||||||||||||
Laminaria | spp. | Extract (1–2–4 g/kg) | x | Weaned piglets (24 d age) | NS | [30] | [66] | Brown seaweed | Alginates oligosaccharides (100 mg/kg) | Weaning to 21 d | |||||
Laminaria | spp. | Seaweed extract LAM (0.112 g/kg) | 0.441 | y | FUC (0.089 g/kg) | z | Weaned piglets, (24 d age) | Improved digestibility of | 0.516 | +17.01 | [28] | [65 | [23] | [62] | |
] | Ecklonia cava | FUC = 0.05 – 0.10 – 0.156 g/kg | Weaning to 28 d | 0.344 | 0.347 | +0.87 | |||||||||
Laminaria | |||||||||||||||
spp. | |||||||||||||||
N, GE | [ | 24 | ] | [ | 63 | ] | |||||||||
+6.7% | +5.2% |
0.368 * | +6.98 | ||||||||||||
Laminaria | spp. | LAM + FUC (0.30 + 0.24 g/kg) | Weaned piglets (22 d age) | Improved digestibility of | [32] | [68] | 0.360 * | ||||||||
DM, N, | +4.65 | ||||||||||||||
NDF | +8.8% +8.9% +57.5% |
Laminaria digitata | LAM + FUC (0.314 –0.250 g/kg) – lactose 15 or 25%) | ||||||||||||
Laminaria | spp. | Weaning to 25 d | LAM (0,15–0,30 g/kg) FUC (0,24 g/kg) LAM + FUC (0,15 + 0.24 and 0.30 + 0.24 g/kg) |
Weaned piglets (24 d age)0.275 0.287 |
0.293 (15% lact.) | +6.55 | improved digestibility of | [25] | [64] | ||||||
[ | 35 | ] | [ | 71] | 0.350 ** (25% lact.) |
||||||||||
DM, LAM and LAM + FUC OM, LAM and LAM + FUC N, LAM | +21.95 | ||||||||||||||
NDF, LAM and LAM + FUC GE, LAM and LAM + FUC |
+7.0% – +4.5% +5.9% – +3.5% +5.1% 54.5% – 39.7% +7.3% – +4.3% |
Laminaria | spp. | LAM (1 g/day)—sows, 109 d until weaning at 20 d | 20 d lactation Weaning to 26 d Challenge Salmonella Typhimurium at 10 d post weaning |
0.340 | 0.450 ** | +32.35 | |||||||
Laminaria | spp. | LAM (0.30 g/kg) FUC (0.24 g/kg) LAM + FUC (0.30 + 0.24 g/kg) |
Weaned piglets (24 d age) | Improved digestibility of | [31] | [67] | [26] | [58] | |||||||
LAM (0.3 g/kg)—piglets | |||||||||||||||
DM, LAM and LAM + FUC N, LAM Ash, LAM and LAM + FUC GE, LAM and LAM + FUC | 0.410 | 0.370 | −16.13 | ||||||||||||
+7.9% – +4.5% | +6.6% 58.0% – 42.6% +8.5% – +4.3% |
Laminaria | spp. | LAM + FUC (0.18 + 0.34 g/kg) |
30.9 kg pigs for 28 d Challenge Salmonella Typhimurium at 10d |
0.620 | 0.720 *** | ||||||||
Laminaria | +16.13 | spp. | Extract (0.66 g/kg) | k | [ | 27] | [59] | ||||||||
Weaned piglets (24 d age) | Improved digestibility of | [ | 34 | ] | [70] | Laminaria | spp. | LAM (0.112 g/kg) | y | ||||||
OM, N, Ash, NDF, GE | FUC (0.089 g/kg) | z | Weaning to 25 d | 0.281 | +8.8%0.322 ** | +8.9% +82.4% +57.5% +10.9%+14.59 |
[28] | [65] | |||||||
Laminaria | spp. | LAM + FUC (1 g + 0.8 g day) − sows LAM + FUC (0.3 + 0.24 g/kg) − piglets |
Weaning to 126 d | 0.760 | 0.850 **(lactation effect) | +11.84 | [29] | [56] | |||||||
0.800 | 0.810 (weaning effect) | +1.23 | |||||||||||||
Laminaria | spp. | Extract (1–2–4 g/kg) | x | LAM = 0.11–0.22–0.44 FUC = 0.09–0.18–0.36 |
Weaning to 21 d | 0.249 | 0.274 ***(1 g/kg) | +10.04 | [30] | [66] | |||||
0.313 *** (2 g/kg) | +25.70 | ||||||||||||||
0.303 ***(4 g/kg) | +21.69 | ||||||||||||||
Laminaria | spp. | LAM (0.30 g/kg) | Weaning to 32 d | 0.280 | 0.353 * | +26.07 | [31] | [67 | LAM + FUC (0.30 + 0.24 g/kg) |
Weaning to 40 d | 0.356 | 0.374 | +5.06 | [32] | [68] |
Laminaria | spp. | LAM (0.3 g/kg) FUC (0.36 g/kg) LAM + FUC (0.3 + 0.36 g/kg) |
Weaning to 21 d | 0.288 | 0.319 * LAM 0.3 | +10.7 | [33] | [69] | |||||||
0.302 FUC 0.36 | +4.86 | ||||||||||||||
0.328 LAM + FUC | +13.89 | ||||||||||||||
Laminaria | spp. | LAM + FUC (0.30 + 0.24 g/kg) | k | Weaning to 21 d 21–40 d |
0.235 | 0.239 | +1.70 | [34] | [70] | ||||||
0.489 | 0.523 | +6.25 | |||||||||||||
Laminaria | spp. | LAM (0.15–0.30 g/kg) FUC (0.24 g/kg) LAM + FUC (0.15 + 0.24 and 0.30 + 0.24 g/kg) |
Weaning to 35 d | 0.340 | 0.351 FUC 0.24 | +3.24 | [35] | [71] | |||||||
0.334 LAM 0.15 | –1.76 | ||||||||||||||
0.347 FUC 0.24 LAM 0.15 | +2.06 | ||||||||||||||
0.390* LAM 300 | +14.71 | ||||||||||||||
0.358 FUC 0.24 LAM 0.3 | +5.29 | ||||||||||||||
OceanFeedSwine | Seaweeed extract (5 g/kg) |