Sustainable Interior Architecture and Design: Comparison
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Sustainable Interior Architecture and Design (SIAD) is a holistic approach that reduces the negative economic, social, and environmental implications of design decisions, and takembracess into consideration the physical and psychological well-being of all users regardless of their abilities.

  • sustainability
  • interior environment
  • Sustainable Interior Architecture and Design
  • Sustainable Interior Design
  • Sustainable Interior Architecture

1. Introduction

The built environment contributes significantly to society’s needs by improving the quality of life [1]. Nevertheless, the substantial increase in construction activities, along with the rapid urbanization occurring throughout the world, have induced concerns among practitioners, academics, governments, and the general public. As a result, the integration of principles of sustainability within the construction industry has been gaining much attention in recent years [2]. The idea of sustainability was first put forward by the World Commission on Environment and Development and is defined as “meeting the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs” [3]. Similar to other professions in the built environment, sustainability has also been embedded into Interior Architecture and Design (IAD) [4].

2. Interior Architecture and Design 

IAD is primarily concerned with solving complex issues and handling the ever-changing requirements of the environment in which we live, work, and play [5]. The importance and influence of IAD is further amplified, given that people spend almost 95% of their time indoors [6]. The comfort variables—usually referred to as Indoor Environmental Quality (IEQ)—involve lighting, humidity, thermal comfort, airborne contaminants, airflow, acoustics, and ventilation, which were found to have a significant effect on occupants’ health, satisfaction, and productivity [7][8]. Moreover, previous studies have demonstrated that apart from IEQ, design characteristics of the interior environment similarly have a substantial impact on occupants’ level of comfort, emotions, behaviors, performance, as well as their general physiological and psychological health and wellbeing [9][10][11][12]. For instance, with respect to the impact of color, Cha et al. [13] found that participants immersed in a white colored virtual environment performed significantly better when completing a proofreading task, while the red color brought upon a tense and unpleasant emotion. Banaei et al. [14][15] investigated the impact of interior forms on occupants’ emotions and found that curved geometries simulate a positive pleasure effect among the participants. Yin et al. [16] found that integration of greenery within the interior environment has restorative effects by reducing stress and anxiety.

3. Terminologies and definition

There are myriad terms used to describe the integration of sustainability with IAD. Among the most used terminologies are: Environmentally Sustainable Interior Design [17]; Sustainable Interior Design [18]; Green Interior Design [19]; and Sustainable Interior Architectural Design [20]. However, the above terminologies do not holistically reflect the nature of sustainability and the domain of IAD. For instance, the term ‘Environmentally Sustainable Interior Design’ has been adopted by many scholars and is defined as an approach that “focuses on materials’ intended application, aesthetic qualities, environmental and health impacts, availability, ease of installment and maintenance, and initial and life cycle costs” [17]. As pointed out by Pilatowicz [21], for a long time, the efforts concerning the integration of sustainability within the IAD field revolved around resource conservation, specification of local materials, recycled contents, and energy-efficient lightings. Nonetheless, sustainability in IAD is a much broader notion that not only contemplates the impact of design decisions on the global environment, but also the physical and psychological impacts on occupants and everyone involved in a project, while endowing nourishing and multisensory experiences that go beyond functional and aesthetic needs [21].
Considering the sheer magnitude of the impact of design decisions as outlined above, it seems that focusing only on environmental aspects does not do justice to the holistic approach of sustainability. Besides, the term ‘Sustainable’ already entails the triple bottom line, and the addition of ‘Environmentally’ to the terminology seems unnecessary and rather baffling. Furthermore, within the academic community, when describing practitioners, the terms ‘Interior Architect’ and ‘Interior Designer’ are often used interchangeably. This is due to differences in professional designations in varying contexts. For instance, in Australia, the term ‘architect’ is protected by law and cannot be used to describe any other profession [22]. Therefore, the terminology must be inclusive for all contexts. To this end and with consideration to all the above-mentioned factors, a more holistic terminology ‘Sustainable Interior Architecture and Design’ (SIAD) is proposed and will be used for the purpose of this article.
 

References

  1. Doan, D.T.; Ghaffarianhoseini, A.; Naismith, N.; Zhang, T.; Ghaffarianhoseini, A.; Tookey, J. A critical comparison of green building rating systems. Build. Environ. 2017, 123, 243–260.
  2. Lima, L.; Trindade, E.; Alencar, L.; Alencar, M.; Silva, L. Sustainability in the construction industry: A systematic review of the literature. J. Clean. Prod. 2021, 289, 125730.
  3. WCED. Our Common Future; Oxford University Press: New York, NY, USA, 1987.
  4. Winchip, S.M. Sustainbale Design for Interior Environments, 2nd ed.; Fairchild Books: New York, NY, USA, 2011; ISBN 9781609010812.
  5. Bonda, P.; Sosnowchik, K.; Minchew, S. Sustainable Commercial Interiors, 2nd ed.; John Wiley & Sons, Inc.: New York, NY, USA, 2014; ISBN 978-1-118-45629-3.
  6. Spence, C. Senses of place: Architectural design for the multisensory mind. Cogn. Res. Princ. Implic. 2020, 5, 46.
  7. Mujan, I.; Anđelković, A.S.; Munćan, V.; Kljajić, M.; Ružić, D. Influence of indoor environmental quality on human health and productivity—A review. J. Clean. Prod. 2019, 217, 646–657.
  8. Geng, Y.; Ji, W.; Lin, B.; Zhu, Y. The impact of thermal environment on occupant IEQ perception and productivity. Build. Environ. 2017, 121, 158–167.
  9. Attaianese, E. Environmental Design and Human Performance. A Literature Review; Springer International Publishing: Basel, Switzerland, 2019; Volume 825, ISBN 9783319960678.
  10. Azzazy, S.; Ghaffarianhoseini, A.; GhaffarianHoseini, A.; Naismith, N.; Doborjeh, Z. A critical review on the impact of built environment on users’ measured brain activity. Archit. Sci. Rev. 2020, 8628.
  11. Chowdhury, S.; Noguchi, M.; Doloi, H. Defining domestic environmental experience for occupants’ mental health and wellbeing. Designs 2020, 4, 26.
  12. Bower, I.; Tucker, R.; Enticott, P.G. Impact of built environment design on emotion measured via neurophysiological correlates and subjective indicators: A systematic review. J. Environ. Psychol. 2019, 66, 101344.
  13. Cha, S.H.; Zhang, S.; Kim, T.W. Effects of Interior Color Schemes on Emotion, Task Performance, and Heart Rate in Immersive Virtual Environments. J. Inter. Des. 2020, 45, 51–65.
  14. Banaei, M.; Ahmadi, A.; Gramann, K.; Hatami, J. Emotional evaluation of architectural interior forms based on personality differences using virtual reality. Front. Archit. Res. 2019, 9, 138–147.
  15. Banaei, M.; Hatami, J.; Yazdanfar, A.; Gramann, K. Walking through architectural spaces: The impact of interior forms on human brain dynamics. Front. Hum. Neurosci. 2017, 11, 477.
  16. Yin, J.; Yuan, J.; Arfaei, N.; Catalano, P.J.; Allen, J.G.; Spengler, J.D. Effects of biophilic indoor environment on stress and anxiety recovery: A between-subjects experiment in virtual reality. Environ. Int. 2020, 136, 105427.
  17. Hayles, C.S. Environmentally sustainable interior design: A snapshot of current supply of and demand for green, sustainable or Fair Trade products for interior design practice. Int. J. Sustain. Built Environ. 2015, 4, 100–108.
  18. Kang, M.; Guerin, D.A. The State of Environmentally Sustainable Interior Design Practice. Am. J. Environ. Sci. 2009, 5, 179–186.
  19. Ning, Y.; Li, Y.; Yang, S.; Ju, C. Exploring Socio-Technical Features of Green Interior Design of Residential Buildings: Indicators, Interdependence and Embeddedness. Sustainability 2016, 9, 33.
  20. Celadyn, M. Integrative Design Classes for Environmental Sustainability of Interior Architectural Design. Sustainability 2020, 12, 7383.
  21. Pilatowicz, G. Sustainability in Interior Design. Sustain. J. Rec. 2015, 8, 101–104.
  22. Smith, D. Interiors can Address Social Justice: Fact ot Fiction? In Perspectives on Social Sustainability and Interior Architecture|Life from the Inside; Smith, D., Lommerse, M., Metcalfe, P., Eds.; Springer: Singapore, 2014; pp. 54–77. ISBN 978-981-4585-38-5.
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