Please note this is a comparison between Version 2 by Conner Chen and Version 1 by Emanuele Contini.
Not all the light in galaxy groups and clusters comes from stars that are bound to galaxies. A significant fraction of it constitutes the so-called intracluster or diffuse light (ICL), a low surface brightness component of groups/clusters generally found in the surroundings of the brightest cluster galaxies and intermediate/massive satellites
galaxy clusters
galaxy formation
galaxy evolution
Please wait, diff process is still running!
References
Iodice, E.; Spavone, M.; Cantiello, M.; DAbrusco, R.; Capaccioli, M.; Hilker, M.; Mieske, S.; Napolitano, N.; Peletier, R.; Limatola, L.; et al. Intracluster Patches of Baryons in the Core of the Fornax Cluster. Astrophys. J. 2017, 851, 75.
Ragusa, R.; Spavone, M.; Iodice, E.; Brough, S.; Raj, M.A.; Paolillo, M.; Cantiello, M.; Forbes, D.A.; La Marca, A.; Ago, G.D.; et al. VEGAS: A VST Early-type Galaxy Survey. VI. The diffuse Light in HCG 86 from the Ultra-Deep VEGAS Images. arXiv 2021, arXiv:2105.06970.
Gu, M.; Conroy, C.; Law, D.; Dokkum, P.V.; Yan, R.; Wake, D.; Bundy, K.; Villaume, A.; Abraham, R.; Merritt, A.; et al. Spectroscopic Constraints on the Buildup of Intracluster Light in the Coma Cluster. Astrophys. J. 2020, 894, 32.
Mihos, J.C.; Harding, P.; Feldmeier, J.; Rudick, C.; Janowiecki, S.; Morrison, H.; Slater, C.; Watkins, A. The Burrell Schmidt Deep Virgo Survey: Tidal Debris, Galaxy Halos, and Diffuse Intracluster Light in the Virgo Cluster. Astrophys. J. 2017, 834, 16.
D’Abrusco, R.; Cantiello, M.; Paolillo, M.; Pota, V.; Napolitano, N.R.; Limatola, L.; Spavone, M.; Grado, A.; Iodice, E.; Capaccioli, M. The Extended Spatial Distribution of Globular Clusters in the Core of the Fornax Cluster. Astrophys. J. Lett. 2016, 819, L31.
Cantiello, M.; D’Abrusco, R.; Spavone, M.; Paolillo, M.; Capaccioli, M.; Limatola, L.; Grado, A.; Iodice, E.; Raimondo, G.; Napolitano, N.; et al. VEGAS-SSS. II. Comparing the Globular Cluster Systems in NGC3115 and NGC1399 Using VEGAS and FDS Survey Data. The Quest for a Common Genetic Heritage of Globular Cluster System. Astron. Astrophys. 2018, 611, A93.
Zibetti, S.; White, S.; Schneider, D.P.; Brinkmann, J. Intergalactic Stars in z ∼ 0.25 Galaxy Clusters: Systematic Properties from Stacking of Sloan Digital Sky Survey Imaging Data. Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 2005, 358, 949–967.
Gonzalez, A.; Zabludoff, A.I.; Zaritsky, D. Intracluster Light in Nearby Galaxy Cluster: Relationship to the Halos of Brightest Cluster Galaxies. Astrophys. J. 2005, 618, 195–213.
Dolag, K.; Murante, G.; Borgani, S. Dynamical Difference Between the cD Galaxy and the Diffuse, Stellar Component in Simulated Galaxy Clusters. Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 2010, 405, 1544–1559.
Murante, G.; Giovalli, M.; Gerhard, O.; Arnaboldi, M.; Borgani, S.; Dolag, K. The Importance of Mergers for the Origin of Intracluster Stars in Cosmological Simulations of Galaxy Clusters. Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 2007, 377, 2–16.
Rudick, C.S.; Mihos, J.C.; McBride, C.K. The Quantity of Intracluster Light: Comparing Theoretical and Observational Measurement Techiques Using Simulated Clusters. Astrophys. J. 2011, 732, 48.
Cui, W.; Murante, G.; Monaco, P.; Borgani, S.; Granato, G.L.; Killedar, M.; Lucia, G.D.; Presotto, V.; Dolag, K. Characterizing Diffused Stellar Light in Simulated Galaxy Clusters. Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 2014, 437, 816–830.
Tang, L.; Lin, W.; Cui, W.; Kang, X.; Wang, Y.; Contini, E.; Yu, Y. An Investigation of Intracluster Light Evolution Using Cosmological Hydrodynamical Simulations. Astrophys. J. 2018, 859, 85.
Montes, M.; Trujillo, I. Intracluster Light at the Frontier - II. The Frontier Fields Clusters. Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 2018, 474, 917–932.
Gonzalez, A.H.; Zaritsky, D.; Zabludoff, A.I. A Census of Baryons in Galaxy Groups and Clusters. Astrophys. J. 2007, 666, 147–155.
Iodice, E.; Capaccioli, M.; Grado, A.; Limatola, L.; Spavone, M.; Napolitano, N.R.; Paolillo, M.; Peletier, R.F.; Cantiello, M.; Lisker, T.; et al. The Fornax Deep Survey with VST. I. The Extended and Diffuse Stellar Halo of NGC1399 out to 192 kpc. Astrophys. J. 2016, 820, 42.
Presotto, V.; Girardi, M.; Nonino, M.; Mercurio, A.; Grillo, C.; Rosati, P.; Biviano, A.; Annunziatella, M.; Balestra, I.; Cui, W.; et al. Intracluster Light Properties in the CLASH-VLT Clusters MACS J1206.2-0847. Astron. Astrophys. 2014, 565, A126.
Montes, M.; Brough, S.; Owers, M.; Santucci, G. The Buildup of the Intracluster Light of A85 as Sees by Subaru’s Hyper Suprime-Cam. Astrophys. J. 2021, 910, 45.
Postman, M.; Coe, D.; Benitez, N.; Bradley, L.; Broadhurst, T.; Donahue, M.; Ford, H.; Graur, O.; Graves, G.; Jouvel, S.; et al. The Cluster Lensing and Supernova Survey with Hubble: An Overview. Astrophys. J. Suppl. Ser. 2012, 199, 25.
Kravtsov, A.V.; Vikhlinin, A.A.; Meshcheryakov, A.V. Stellar Mass-Halo Mass Relation and Star Formation Efficiency in High-Mass Halos. Astron. Lett. 2018, 44, 8–34.
DeMaio, T.; Gonzalez, A.H.; Zabludoff, A.; Zaritsky, D.; Aldering, G.; Brodwin, M.; Connor, T.; Donahue, M.; Hayden, B.; Mulchaey, J.S.; et al. The Growth of Brightest Cluster Galaxies and Intracluster Light Over the Past 10 Billion Years. Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 2020, 491, 3751–3759.
Contini, E.; Gu, Q. On the Mass Distribution of the Intracluster Light in Galaxy Groups and Clusters. Astrophys. J. 2020, 901, 128.
Contini, E.; Gu, Q. Brightest Cluster Galaxies and Intracluster Light: Their Mass Distribution in the Innermost Regions of Groups and Clusters. arXiv 2021, arXiv:2014.05913.
Peng, C.Y.; Ho, L.C.; Impey, C.D.; Rix, H.W. Detailed Structural Decomposition of Galaxy Images. Astrophys. J. 2002, 124, 266–293.
Zhang, Y.; Yanny, B.; Palmese, A.; Gruen, D.; To, C.; Rykoff, E.S.; Leung, Y.; Collins, C.; Hilton, M.; Abbott, T.M.C.; et al. Dark Energy Survey Year 1 Results: Detection of Intracluster Light at Redshift ∼0.25. Astrophys. J. 2019, 874, 165.
Navarro, J.F.; Frenk, C.S.; White, S.D.M. A Universal Density Profile from Hierarchical Clustering. Astrophys. J. 1997, 490, 493–508.
Pillepich, A.; Nelson, D.; Hernquist, L.; Springel, V.; Pakmor, R.; Torrey, P.; Weinberger, R.; Genel, S.; Naiman, J.P.; Marinacci, F.; et al. First Results from the IllustrisTNG Simulations: The Stellar Mass Content of Groups and Clusters of Galaxies. Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 2018, 475, 648–675.
Jaffe, W. A Simple Model for the Distribution of Light in Spherical Galaxies. Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 1983, 202, 995–999.
Da Rocha, C.; Ziegler, B.L.; Mendes de Oliveira, C. Intragroup Diffuse Light in Compact Groups of Galaxies-II. HCG 15, 35 and 51. Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 2008, 388, 1433–1443.
Guennou, L.; Adami, C.; Da Rocha, C.; Durret, F.; Ulmer, M.P.; Allam, S.; Basa, S.; Benoist, C.; Biviano, A.; Clowe, D.; et al. Intracluster Light in Clusters of Galaxies at Redshifts 0.4 < z < 0.8. Astron. Astrophys. 2012, 537, A64.
Adami, C.; Durret, F.; Guennou, L.; Rocha, C.D. Diffuse Light in the Young Cluster of Galaxies CL J1449+0856 at z = 2.07. Astron. Astrophys. 2013, 551, A20.
Ellien, A.; Durret, F.; Adami, C.; Martinet, N.; Lobo, C.; Jauzac, M. The Complex Case of MACS J0717.5+3745 and its Extended Filament: Intracluster Light, Galaxy Luminosity Function, and Galaxy orientations. Astron. Astrophys. 2019, 628, A34.
Murante, G.; Arnaboldi, M.; Gerhard, O.; Borgani, S.; Cheng, L.M.; Diaferio, A.; Dolag, K.; Moscardini, L.; Tormen, G.; Tornatore, L.; et al. The Diffuse Light in Simulations of Galaxy Clusters. Astrophys. J. 2004, 607, L83–L86.
Sommer-Larsen, J.; Romeo, A.D.; Portinari, L. Simulating Galaxy Clusters-III. Properties of the Intraclusters Stars. Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 2005, 357, 478–488.
Rudick, C.S.; Mihos, J.C.; Frey, L.H.; McBride, C.K. Tidal Streams of Intracluster Light. Astrophys. J. 2009, 699, 1518–1529.
Guo, Q.; White, S.; Boylan-Kolchin, M.; Lucia, G.; Kauffmann, G.; Lemson, G.; Li, C.; Springel, V.; Weinmann, S. From Dwarf Spheroidals to cD Galaxies: Simulating the Galaxy Population in a &ΛCDM Cosmology. Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 2011, 413, 101–131.
Villalobos, A.; De Lucia, G.; Borgani, S.; Murante, G. Simulating the Evolution of Disc Galaxies in a Group Environment -I. The Influence of the Global Tidal Field. Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 2012, 424, 2401–2428.
Smith, R.; Choi, H.; Lee, J.; Rhee, J.; Sanchez-Janssen, R.; Sukyoung, K.Y. The Preferential Tidal Stripping of Dark Matter Versus Stars in Galaxies. Astrophys. J. 2016, 833, 109.
Contini, E.; De Lucia, G.; Villalobos, Á.; Borgani, S. On the Formation and Physical Properties of the Intracluster Light in Hierarchical Galaxy Formation Models. Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 2014, 437, 3787–3802.
Contini, E.; Yi, S.K.; Kang, X. The Different Growth Pathways of Brightest Cluster Galaxies and Intracluster Light. Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 2018, 479, 932–944.
Contini, E.; Yi, S.K.; Kang, X. Theoretical Predictions of Colors and Metallicity of the Intracluster Light. Astrophys. J. 2019, 871, 24.
Conroy, C.; Wechsler, R.H.; Kravtsov, A.V. The Hierarchical Build-Up of Massive Galaxies and the Intracluster Light Since z = 1. Astrophys. J. 2007, 668, 826–838.
Burke, C.; Collins, C.A.; Stott, J.P.; Hilton, M. Measurements of the Intracluster Light at z ∼ 1. Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 2012, 425, 2058–2068.
Oliva-Altamirano, P.; Brough, S.; Lidman, C.; Couch, W.J.; Hopkins, A.M.; Colless, M.; Taylor, E.; Robotham, A.S.G.; Gunawardhana, M.L.P.; Ponman, T.; et al. Galaxy And Mass Assembly (GAMA): Testing Galaxy Formation Models Through the Most Massive Galaxies in the Universe. Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 2014, 440, 762–775.
Zhang, Y.; Miller, C.; McKay, T.; Rooney, P.; Evrard, A.E.; Romer, A.K.; Perfecto, R.; Song, J.; Desai, S.; Mohr, J.; et al. Galaxies in X-Ray Selected Clusters and Groups in Dark Energy Survey Data. I. Stellar Mass Growth of Bright Central Galaxies since z ∼ 1.2. Astrophys. J. 2016, 816, 98.
Han, S.; Smith, R.; Choi, H.; Cortese, L.; Catinella, B.; Contini, E.; Sukyoung, K.Y. YZiCS: Preprocessing of Dark Halos in the Hydrodynamic Zoom-in Simulation of Clusters. Astrophys. J. 2018, 866, 78.
Somerville, R.S.; Hopkins, P.E.; Cox, T.J.; Robertson, B.E.; Hernquist, L. A Semi-Analytic Model for the Co-Evolution of Galaxies, Black Holes and Active Galactic Nuclei. Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 2008, 391, 481–506.
Monaco, P.; Murante, G.; Borgani, S.; Fontanot, F. Diffuse Stellar Component in Galaxy Clusters and the Evolution of the Most Massive Galaxies at z < 1. Astrophys. J. 2006, 652, L89–L92.
Burke, C.; Hilton, M.; Collins, C. Coevolution of Brightest Cluster Galaxies and Intracluster Light Using CLASH. Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 2015, 449, 2353–2367.
Groenewald, D.N.; Skelton, R.E.; Gilbank, D.G.; Loubser, S.I. The Close Pair Fraction of BCGs Since z = 0.5: Major Mergers Dominate Recent BCG Stellar Mass Growth. Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 2017, 467, 4101–4117.
Contini, E.; Kang, X.; Romeo, A.D.; Xia, Q. Constraints on the Evolution of the Galaxy Stellar Mass Function I: Role of Star Formation, Mergers, and Stellar Stripping. Astrophys. J. 2017, 837, 27.
Contini, E.; Kang, X.; Romeo, A.D.; Xia, Q.; Yi, S.K. Constraints on the Evolution of the Galaxy Stellar Mass Function. II. The Quenching Timescale of Galaxies and its Implication for Their Star Formation Rates. Astrophys. J. 2017, 849, 156.
Chandrasekhar, S. Stochastic Problems in Physics and Astronomy. Rev. Mod. Phys. 1943, 15, 1–89.
Contini, E.; De Lucia, G.; Borgani, S. Statistic of Substructures in Dark Matter Haloes. Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 2012, 420, 2978–2989.
Contini, E.; Kang, X. Semi-Analytic Predictions of the Mass Segregation from Groups to Clusters. Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 2015, 453, L53–L57.
Kim, S.; Contini, E.; Choi, H.; Han, S.; Lee, J.; Oh, S.; Kang, X.; Sukyoung, K.Y. YZiCS: On the Mass Segregation of Galaxies in Clusters. Astrophys. J. 2020, 905, 12.
Gao, L.; Frenk, C.S.; Boylan-Kolchin, M.; Jenkins, A.; Springel, V.; White, S.D.M. The Statistics of the Subhalo Abundance of Dark Matter Haloes. Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 2008, 410, 2309–2314.
Prada, F.; Klypin, A.A.; Cuesta, A.J.; Betancort-Rijo, J.E.; Primack, J. Halo Concentration in the Standard &Λ Cold Dark Matter Cosmology. Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 2012, 423, 3018–3030.
Binney, J.; Tremaine, S. Galactic Dynamics: Second Edition; Princeton University Press: Princeton, NJ, USA, 2008.
DeMaio, T.; Gonzalez, A.H.; Zabludoff, A.; Zaritsky, D.B. On the Origin of the Intracluster Light in Massive Galaxy Clusters. Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 2015, 448, 1162–1177.
DeMaio, T.; Gonzalez, A.H.; Zabludoff, A.; Zaritsky, D.; Connor, T.; Donahue, M.; Mulchaey, J.S. Lost but not Forgotten: Intracluster Light in Galaxy Groups and Clusters. Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 2018, 474, 3009–3031.
Montes, M.; Trujillo, I. Intracluster Light at the Frontier: A2744. Astrophys. J. 2014, 794, 137.
Morishita, T.; Abramson, L.E.; Treu, T.; Schmidt, K.B.; Vulcani, B.; Wang, X. Characterizing Intracluster Light in the Hubble Frontier Fields. Astrophys. J. 2017, 846, 139.